Essay --

This part discusses the key findings found in the previous chapter and relates in to the literature review section of this look. All of the research objectives were met and research questions had certain(prenominal) conclusive answers. The information gotten from the questionnaires appears in a flow linking all research objectives together and answering all research questions which will be discussed and analysed down the stairs wholeness after the other. Objective 1To understand innovation and how its absence seizure ingests to the failure of businessesInnovation is a change in technology, source of organisational renewal & growth and the primary source of competitive advantage (Porter 1990). gesture 10 & 11 gives us some understanding of innovation and doubtfulness 7 & 8 gives leads on how lack of innovation can lead to business failure. Questions 10 required respondents to say the propose direction they hazard innovation should be directed to. 17 respondents were of the opi nion that innovation should be inspired from employees and those at the bottom of the organisational hierarchy because they are in unremitting discussion with customers. Those at the bottom standardised employees at the customer avail know a lot more about customers needs, wants and complains compared to the knowledge top prudence has about customers. 3 of the respondents were of the opinion that management has more experience, exposure and business knowledge as compared to lower direct employees and so should influence innovation and then get employees execute it. This surface is usually not the best because management are not in direct contact with customers and so influencing innovation will be like dictation what employees should offer customers. 26 respondents said management should influenc... ...they want to usher in because the goods and/or utilitys they want to produce are for the customers. If management innovates without customers consent, they whitethorn manufa cture something customers dont want and they product and/or service will not be accepted which will mean impecunious resources producing them. Despite the important role customers play in innovation, famous leadership like Steve Jobs of Apple and Henry Ford of Ford dont see the importance of taking customers opinion into musing when innovating. Question 9 asked whether customers should be taken into consideration when an organisation wants to innovate. 72% of respondents strongly agreed that customers should be considered, 26% agreed, 2% disagreed and no one was neutral or strongly disagreed. This study proves that customers are a live part of an organisation especially when innovation is concerned.

Love and Lust: Two Different Concept Essay

Love has a polar convey for gentle spells gentlemany. For some, it may be an act of loyalty, and for others, it could be a comforting relationship. It is besides an act in which alwaysy one and only(a) is happy. However, few differentiate contend from lust uniform the character of Tomas from the loudness The Unbearable Lightness of Being by Milan Kundera does. In fact, the function of the fifth part is to analyse that even though Tomas has inner relationships with other wo men, he still bashs Tereza.Sex and love are ii distinct concepts for Tomas who loves Tereza but then sleeps with other women. He justifies this distinction by referring to his colleagues research that claimed that during any kind of aspiration men have erections, which means that the link between erections and bare women is only one of thousands way the Creator set the clockwork moving in a mans head. (236). Indeed, it is with the imagery of a mechanism that allows the function of a widget that permit s the imagination to link the distinction of love and lust to something quite technical. Therefore, man can be sexually excited by anything symbolizing that Tomas has no real control everywhere the attraction he feels towards other naked women. However, Tomas can choose the one he loves and he chose Tereza. Moreover, he likewise recollects that Attaching love to sex is one of the most bizarre ideas the Creator ever had (237) meaning that love and lust are truly two different concepts for Tomas who would rather not be disturbed by the aggressive senselessness of sex (237) while loving Tereza.In other words, Tomas does not believe that lust should be a medium that forget allow him to prove his love for Tereza. Tomas is characterized as always wanting to fight for the greater right(a) but for Tereza, he stopped, proving that he loves her. Indeed, Tomas linked the tale of Oedipus with the situation in which the world was currently in because of Communists. He then developed an s imile that so pleased him that he often used it in conversations with friends, and his locution grew increasingly precise and elegant (177) and from there, wrote an bind about it. When the article was printed, his avocation as a surgeon was at stake because the authorities were not happy with his perspective on events. Therefore, Tomas only had two options whether to retract his article and withhold his profession or to not retract his article and keep his honor.It became apparent that when the thing that struck Tomas the most although he had never given pack cause to doubt his integrity, was that they were ready to bet on his dishonesty rather than on his virtue (181). Tomas decision was being foreshadowed meaning that his honor was more than important than his meaning of life (179). However, Tomas did refuse to sign a petition that would liberate political prisoners because by signing it he could be jolly certain that Tereza would have more frequent visits from undercover a gents, and that her hands would wag more and more. (219) and he did not want to hurt his wife anymore. In other words, he wanted her to be happy because he love her.Tomas will, in the end, always choose Tereza over any other charr, which demonstrates his love for her. He realizes in the fifth part of the book that he will choose Tereza over the women of his life. The realization that Tomas had in which he will fury the house of his happiness, time and again abandon his paradise and the woman from his dream and betray Es muss sein of his love to go off with Tereza, the woman born of six laughable fortuities. (239) can only mean that he loves Tereza in his own definition of love as bizarre as that may sound. Moreover, Tomas does not believe in the idealistic world where everyone has a better half. The narrator promptly explained that According to Platos Symposium People were hermaphrodites until immortal split them in two, and now all the halves wander the world over seeking one an other.Love is the longing for the half of ourselves we have mixed-up (238-239). However, Tomas admits that Tereza is most likely not the part of him he lost so not his soul mate. Therefore, juxtaposing Platos Symposiums definition of love and Tomas actions take in a clearer perspective of Tomas love for Tereza. In other words, Tomas loves Tereza in his own way. Furthermore, the personification of when he feels her pain in his own heart. (239) allows the readers to compass Tomas way of loving Tereza. If hurting her was not an option then love can be the only explanation. These reflexions made from the fifth part of the book The Unbearable Lightness of Being by Milan Kundera prove that Tomas truly loves Tereza. ane might even argue that Tomas loves Tereza more than Tereza loves him even though he physically cheats on her.Work CitedKundera, Milan. The Unbearable Lightness of Being. New York HarperPerennial, 1999. Print..

Nature and Management in Different Countries Essay

Terrorism is a war that has been waging on for much than what the general American population knows closely what makes terrorism a truly close receivedity and a household name is the f ferment that in the last few years, terrorists atomic flesh 18 bringing the smell of fear and cobblers last closer to the erstwhile protected US domestic landscape by a very lethal weapon self-destruction bombers.Times draw changed, and the terrorists argon getting bolder and bolder, so they say, nonwithstanding few things remain the same, and that includes the record of self-annihilation terrorist groups, how they are managed by their leaders and how things are just as much the same as it was in the past, as it was in the some other countries were felo-de-se terrorist activities were felt earlier, harder, harsher prior to the onslaught of these breed of freedom fighters in the collective US consciousness.Suicide terrorist groups, like any other organization, is a complex maze which c an completely be treaded successfully done the use of human resource management tools, non very removed from the management paradigm and approaches that business groups and other non-violent groups use, since the key to the sustenance of felo-de-se terrorist groups, ironically, is the efficiency of the management to ensure that they always strike heap who wants to cloy and to kill in the name of satisfying the great goal and the greater good.People who are living in a place and in a time characterized by commercialism and consumerism of television ads and product promotions ab surface how to stay beautiful and live longer, roughly how to look better and have better skin and hair condition, about means and ways to combat diseases and extend lives a little longer throng, who, in short enjoys sustenance to the full extent, whitethorn find it sticky to understand how there are those who unlike them can just lay down their lives to die, living everything that the tempora l world still has to offer.Suicide terrorists no doubt are a source of fear and anger as much as they are a source of wonderment, mystery and mystique. People ask themselves why these felo-de-se terrorists do what they do. What does motivate men and women to become suicide fighters? This is another difficult question to answer. Some of the suicide groups are motivated by religion, others by ethnic nationalism or by a combination of the two. In many cases, it is difficult to tell which motivation is the strongest (Williams, Waltrip, 2004, p.139). Here, Williams and Waltrip points to the nature of suicide terrorists bring in different parts of the world that they are motivated by something greater than the preservation of their mortal life. The difference in motivation is not just found among different groups, but as low as every one single suicide terrorist and his/her personal reason for embarking on such kind of work and mission (Williams, Waltrip, 2004, p. 139).The current me dia(television, Internet and movies) accoutrement whatever little knowledge the public has by providing either real or fictitious information through documentaries and television shows and movies that graphically garnish suicide terrorists, their behavior, their nature and their characteristics, with the risk that some quantify they are far from congress the people the truth e. g. take for example the notion of most people about the gender of a suicide bomber as male, when some historians say otherwise.In general, males rarely become suicide terrorists, who are more(prenominal) typically young women and teenagers (Wessely, Krasnov, 2006, p. 112). What this points out is that with the growth of global terrorism and the try out of suicide terrorist groups and their actions, the desire for knowledge about such aspect of new day life also improves. Short history on suicide terrorism In its most basic sense, suicide terrorism may refer to any act wherein the cause of terror of th e people, community or society wreaks havoc, death and mayhem without regard for his or her own excerption or even with the presence of risking sure death in the process.If this is the case, therefore suicide terrorism indeed goes way, way back even during the times of barbarian warriors or even further back. But the concept of modern day suicide terrorism is younger, being around for just or so three decades. Apparently, the first terrorist suicide attack took place in capital of Lebanon on 15 December 1981. On that date a suicide driver reportedly drove an explosives-laden car into the Iraqi embassy, killing himself as well as 61 other persons and injuring more than 100.Iraq claimed that the attack was carried out by the Iranian and Syrian intelligence services. The use of suicide attacks as a systematic tactic, however, began only in 1983 (Bjorgo, 2005, p. 72). Historians do not rattling claim that this act triggered the new wave of in the style of terrorism, but this is on e of the first one of its kind, probably the first documented act constituting the idea of modern day suicide terrorism by a suicide terrorist.Suicide attacks by suicide terrorist groups is not something new, especially not in the international level, since many groups decades ago were already resorting to this type of attack. The only difference is that now, there is an increased global presence and awareness about suicide terrorist groups and their actions because they are expanding their targets towards new locations, targeting a new set of people some of which are not even fully aware that they are just as susceptible to such attacks compared to the people living in other locations which are war torn and struggling from armed conflict.Although suicide terrorism is not new to the world, it appears to have greatly expanded since early 2003 and has spread to regions where it was previously unknown. The primary increase was in the large number of suicide terrorists operating in Ira q, which until the war had not experienced this stake of terrorism (Fieldman, Shapir, 2004, p. 46).

Get Prepared My Speech Essay

Regarding our introduction speech as my first dinner dress one in front of the class, I felt so ill at ease(p) that I forgot e very(prenominal) details which we should pay attention to. First is the centre of attention Contact. There was a kind of hook that I cant control myself from moving my sights out of the back row, where our professor sat. The stake deliverance part is Vocal Pause which was my most serious issue during notwithstanding the speech. Words just went out of my mind since I wrote my name on the board. I was a little unaware when my name was called on the second because I preferred the third place so that I got copious time to calm down and organized sentences. Every preparation I did was showing randomly in my head. For example, my personal considerations on how tough bequeath a military mission be had appeared first rather than an elicit getter. Some details I added to make a rich definition became a simple word, not including some parts I redden forgot to say.The last issue is about Body language that it may garter audiences to complete where the person in the speech is. Thanked for the outlines paper so that I knew where I should put my hands on. I was easily lost my minds scarce caught up on time by fingering which line I would read next. By recollecting fragments of my speech, I keep telling myself it would be remedy if I performed in that way. An interesting beginning, more eye contacts or less(prenominal) pause while I was expressing. All the problems I mentioned above is because I didnt realize there was more nervousness than I expected. In another words, I didnt rehearse enough to conquer that as Ronald B. and George states, A smooth and natural delivery is the result of extensive practice. snuff it to know your material until you feel comfortable with your presentation (page 342).After switched to a listener, contents were not the only part that attracted me but how different they performed from mine. By observing the ir moves, their body languages were perfectly coordinated with the rhythm of presentations. It became a dialogue like he or she was introducing a friend of his or her to you quite of reading a research paper. About the cadence they spoke, the variable modulate caught my attention all the time and I couldnt wait to know what was on the next.I confessed that I am the selective listener who responds only to the parts of a speakers remarks that interested me. With those changing tones and plentiful body languages, the contents were easily understood and appealing. I am very pleased to be enrolled in this class to figure out what is my helplessness and how I can beat them to be a qualified speaker. work CitiedAdler, Ronald B. and Rodman, George. Understanding Human Communication with Carrie Cropley Hutchinson, 11th edition. Print.

Racial Discrimination Essay

A strong, intelligent man, Martin Luther King Jr., once said, Our lives start out to lay off the day we become silent about things that matter, and what mattered 50 old age ago, was finding a sense of equation in the world. That each psyche could relish as if they were all equal to adept a nonher, without feeling misplaced, exclusively at home. King took a stand for wad too frighten to let their words be heard, taking on the walls that stood between requisition and equal rights. His strong words gave a sense of realization, that all people, smutty or whitened should fetch equal rights, and feel just as safe and free as all of the others. After a unyielding fight for equality in the world, racial variation is still concealing in the shadows, causing much conflict between our numerous divers(a) rush alongs in the world. In order to solve racial contrast, every develop in America, students and staff, depart have to move in anti-racial discrimination programs, to anticipate the advancement of racial discrimination.James T. Patterson educates his audience in his article, The Civil Rights faeces Major Events and Legacies that about 7 million slaves were brought to America in the deeply 1600s. These slaves were sold to North America from the European settlers. Our country became dependent on the slaves for the production of crops, such as tobacco and cotton (Patterson Par. 1).Slavery terminate in 1865, after the long battle of the Civil War, which began in 1861. The end of the war granted millions of slaves their freedom, citizenship, and the right to vote, no matter their race. Unfortunately, most white people were not okay with this occurrence, so they created certain laws that were designed specifically to give blacks unequal treatment. Along with these new laws, an organization called the Ku Klux Klan was formed to browbeat and stop the advancement of black people in society.Segregation thence came in to play in 1896, when black peopl e were said to be equal to white people in society and were make to be separated by their color. Whites and blacks all had their designated areas, where the different race could not enter. For example, public restrooms had signs outside(a) that stated which bathroom was for which race to use. Looking from the outside in, there was much realization that specific places for blacks were in bad delimitate in comparison to places designated to white people.Oppression was the basis of segregation. Two ladies, named Susan Bohmer and Joyce Briggs, be oppression as attitudes, behaviors, and pervasive and systematic social arrangements by which members of one group are exploited and subordinated while members of another groups are granted privileges. Since black people were separated by the color of their skin, and not condition the same rights and privileges as white people, it entitled them to be labeled as oppressed. There are still groups today that experience oppression. (Patters on Par 2).Eventually, in 1964 the Civil Rights Act gave way to protect citizens from discrimination, by prohibiting segregation in schools, public places, and employment. Within the following yr, this act created equal voting rights between races (Patterson Par. 4).Robert M. Entant explains in his article, The Black Image in the White Mind Media and work in America, that after much hardship and fight for equality between races, our nation witnessed the first African American male and female become Secretary of State in 2001. Eight years later, Barack Obama became the first African American to become President of the United States of America. These explicit events gave proof of how remote our nation has come to give all races the right to not be discriminated against (Entman 2). Although today many blacks have overcome the white domination, they tend to exonerate insecurities of their past with them, as they continue to feel lower than the white race.racial discrimination is stil l in the shadows of today, but there are many potential stems that could possibly eliminate racial discrimination altogether, but whitethorn take a lot of time. Such as the NAACP group, that started in the year 1909, that was formed to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination (Patterson Par. 2). My potential solution will be similar to this organization, as it will be open to anyone that is willing to disrupticipate and wants to fight for equality. After the organization is put into action, members will be move to different schools, from elementary schools all the way to colleges, teaching students about racial discrimination. These visits will include lessons based on the history of racial discrimination, examples of people who have experienced racial discrimination, and how they have dealt with it. Another important part of this awareness will include involvement from t he students. As I will ask them to partake in giving examples of personal experiences involving racial discrimination or inequality. Having students share their experiences will show that they are not traffic with this on their own, but that others have experienced it also, and they can then resuscitate to each other. After each lesson, I will then have everyone brainstorm their own kinds of solutions that they can perform everyday to minimize racial discrimination, so that one day it can hopefully be altogether gone. This solution will eventually solve the issue of racial discrimination in the aspect of society and single individuals.Many potential students whitethorn not want to participate in the lessons provided, for they feel un allayable or just do not care about the problem at hand, but will be forced to partake in the lessons. These lessons will be as mandatory as a math coterie or English class. They will have no choice in the matter, as they need these lessons to impro ve racial discrimination rates in our society today.Racial discrimination is a learned accusation, usually influenced by an authority in a persons sustenance. Even through with(predicate) not everyone recognizes this problem it is still an issue in many lives. With that said, my solution will potentially give relief to the world, giving everyone the chance to feel equal to one another. This solution may not make striking change in a short period of time, but if the students I teach, give effort to making our world an equal place, lives will change.The eventual(prenominal) measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy. This inspiring mention came from the intelligent mind of Martin Luther King Jr., the man who took a stand for equality in the world. After his long fight against racial discrimination his life was taken for standing in the darkness of challenge and controversy. Our worl d may not be completely healed and safe from our history but we are learning that we are all human, no matter what race we are, or the history that trails behind us.Work CitedEntman, Robert M. The Black Image in the White Mind Media and Race in America.The University of Chicago Press.2000.Web. 2 may 2014. Patterson, James T. The Civil Rights Movement Major Events and Legacies. The Glinder Lehrman Institute of American History.2014.Web. 2 May 2014.

Explication: the gift

This numbers is written in free verse, separated into four stanzas for each unrivalled with a varying number of edges and syllables. There is no precise riming pattern, but there Is a pattern within the us while of nomenclature. The speaker system uses bodily words such as palm, hands, face, and head at the ends of lines In the stand by stanza when describing, In the literal form, when the speaker Is talking about the acknowledge he went through getting the metal sliver pulled from his palm.The speaker repeats those words when he Is describing performing the same process on his wife remain Just as calm ND tender as his start was with him. This poem follows a sequence of events, almost Like a timeline. This Is rightful(a) for the literal discipline as well as the metaphorical reading of the poem. The gift that Is passed down from the speakers father to him, and then utilized on his wife, Is a life les countersign. At the age of seven, the speaker takes noetic notes of h is father and the actions that he made, and uses them when he Is about 20 years older.This poem acts as the caterpillar tread the speaker had to take to get where he is today. The entire poem follows a route gradually the speaker goes wrought life learning from his father. This has one exception the third stanza. This stanza, directly in the middle of the poem, acts as a dividing line in the midst of the younger and older years of the speakers life. It has 7 lines, (also the age of the speaker in the beginning) and it also doesnt really flow in the poem.The 2 stanzas prior talk about what happened to him when he was 7, and then the last line of the 3rd stanza and the last stanza talk about life when the speaker was nigh 20 years older. In my opinion this was a smart purpose to have these sections divided cause it shows how there is a difference between learning something and using it to your advantage later on. The central metaphor for this poem is that the gift that the speaker s father passes down to him is a life lesson. The speaker learns this lesson at an early age and uses it throughout the rest of his life.The metal splinter is a problem that the speaker has faced once when he was a squirt and that his wife faced later on. The gift that his father passes onto him is the solution to that reversive problem. His father teaches him the solution to this obviously important problem and cherishes it. When the speaker says, l did what a child does/ when hes given something to keep, its clear that the speakers father valued his son to have and use this lesson as much as the speaker wanted to be seen as an Image of his father.Explication the gift BY Nannette Explication 2 The put By Lie-Young Lee number of lines and syllables. There is no precise rhymed pattern, but there is a hands, face, and head at the ends of lines in the second stanza when describing, in he literal form, when the speaker is talking about the begin he went through he is describing pe rforming the same process on his wife remaining Just as calm almost deal a timeline.This is true for the literal reading as well as the metaphorical reading of the poem. The gift that is passed down from the speakers father to him, and then utilized on his wife, is a life lesson. At the age of seven, the speaker takes mental notes of his father and the actions that he made, and uses them when he is and use this lesson as much as the speaker wanted to be seen as an image of his

Modern motivation theory and Buddhist teaching for Motivation Essay

One of the most important functions of management is to create testamentingness amongst the employees to counterbalance to the best of their abilities. on that pointforethe role of a loss leader is to arouse interest in performance of employees in their seams. The process of exact consists of three stages1. A felt befuddle or drive2. A stimulus in which nodes have to be aro apply3. When remove amply ar satisfied, the ecstasy or accomplishment of aims. Therefore, we potbelly say that motivation is a psychological phenomenon which means of necessity and emergencys of the single(a)s have to be tackled by skeletal frame an inducing plan. need Theories agree to subject of Management have near kind of motivation theories. These theories were salt a bearingd by most of scholars in the world. However when considers or so history bottom of the inning motivation theories categorize as Classical indigence Theories Modern need TheoriesUnder the unpolluted motivation theories tin introduce avocation three theories.Classical Motivation Theories1. The Hierarchy Of commands suppositionAbraham Maslow is wholesome ren throwed for proposing the Hierarchy of Needs possibility in 1943. This scheme is a classical depiction of human motivation. This surmisal is based on the assumption that there is a pecking order of five require at bottom each individual. The crusadency of these dart varies.1. Physiological needs- These argon the basic needs of air, water, food, clothing and shelter. In an early(a)(prenominal) words, physiological needs atomic number 18 the needs for basic amenities of life. 2. Safety needs- Safety needs include physical, environmental and emotional safety and protection. For instance- Job security, financial security, protection from animals, family security, health security, and so on3. Social needs- Social needs include the need for love, affection, c atomic number 18, belongings, and jockstrapship.4. flirt with need s- Esteem needs argon of two types internal watch needs ( egotism- respect, confidence, competence, consummation and freedom) and outdoor(a) prize needs (recognition, occasion, status, attention and admiration).5. Self-actualization need- This includes the urge to be generate what you ar capable of be access / what you have the strength to become. It includes the need for growth and self-importance-importancecontentment. It in like manner includes a disposition for gaining more(prenominal) fill outledge, social- service, creativity and being aesthetic. The self- actualization needs are never fully suitable. As an individual grows psychologic completelyy, opportunities keep cropping up to continue growing. consort to Maslow, individuals are locomoted by unsatisfied needs. As each of these needs is fall guyificantly satisfied, it drives and forces the next need to emerge..2. Herzbergs Two-Factor scheme of MotivationIn 1959, Frederick Herzberg, a conductal scientist pro posed a two-factor supposition or the motivator-hygiene hypothesis. correspond to Herzberg, there are some moving in factors that allow in satisfaction slice there are otherwise seam factors that sustain dissatisfaction.Herzberg, the opposite of Satisfaction is No satisfaction and the opposite of Dissatisfaction is No Dissatisfaction.Herzbergss trance of satisfaction and dissatisfactionHerzberg classified these prank factors into two categories Hygiene factors- Hygiene factors are those avocation factors which are essential for existence of motivation at the readyplace. These do non lead to positive satisfaction for the long-term. But if these factors are indifferent / if these factors arenon-existent at the workplace, then they lead to dissatisfaction. Hygiene factors include1. bear The pay or salary structure should be appropriate and reasonable. It essential be equal and competitive with those in the same industry in the same domain. 2. Company Policies and admi nistrative policies The company policies should non be excessively rigid. They should be fair and clear. It should include flexible working hours, dress code, breaks, vacation, etc.3. Fringe benefits The employees should be offered health care plans (mediclaim), benefits for the family members, employee help programs, etc.4. sensible Working conditions The working conditions should be safe, clean and hygienic. The work equipments should be updated and well-maintained.5. positioning The employees status indoors the organization should be familiar and forbeared. 6. Interpersonal transaction The kin of the employees with his peers, superiors and subordinates should be appropriate and acceptable. There should be no interlocking or humiliation element present.7. Job Security The organization moldiness provide job security to the employees. Motivational factors- According to Herzberg, the hygiene factors can non be regarded as motivators. The motivational factors yield pos itive satisfaction. These factors are built-in to work. These factors motivate the employees for a superior performance. These factors are called satisfiers. These are factors involved in acting the job. Employees stick these factorsintrinsically reenforcement. The motivators symbolized the psychological needs that were perceived as an extra benefit. Motivating factors include Recognition The employees should be praised and recognized for their accomplishments by the managers. sand of achievement The employees must have a sense of achievement. This depends on the job. There must be a fruit of some sort in the job. Growth and promotional opportunities There must be growth and rise opportunities in an organization to motivate the employees to perform well. Responsibility The employees must abide themselves responsible for the work. The managers should give them ownership of the work. They should minimize control however retain figureability. The meaningfulness of the w ork The work itself should be meaningful, interesting and ambitious for the employee to perform and to recognise a crap motivated.3. possibility X and Theory YIn 1960, Douglas McGregor formulated Theory X and Theory Y suggests two aspects of human behavior at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals (employees) one of which is negative, called as Theory X and the other is positive, so called as Theory Y. According to McGregor, the experience of managers of the nature of individuals is based on mixed assumptions.Assumptions of Theory X An bonnie employee intrinsically does non like work and tries to escape it whenever possible. Since the employee does non want to work, he must be persuaded, compelled, or warned with a punishment so as to achieve organizational closings. A close charge is required on the part of managers. The managers adopt a more imperious style. Many employees rank job security on top, and they have dwarfish or no aspiration/ ambitio n. Employees primarily dislike responsibilities. Employees resist change. An occur employee needs formal direction.Assumptions of Theory Y Employees can perceive their job as relaxing and normal. They exercise their physical and mental efforts in an inherent manner in their jobs. Employees may non require merely threat, external control and coercion to work, but they can use self-direction and temperance if they are dedicated and sincere to achieve the organizational objectives. If the job is recompenseing and satisfying, then it will result in employees doglikety and commitment to the organization. An average employee can learn to admit and recognize the responsibility. In fact, he can even learn to obtain responsibility. The employees have skills and capabilities. Their logical capabilities should be fully utilized. In other words, the creativity, resourcefulness and advance(a) potentiality of the employees can be utilized to solve organizational problems. therefore, we c an say that Theory X presents a pessimistic view of employees nature and behavior at work, while Theory Y presents an optimistic view of the employees nature and behavior at work.Modern Motivation TheoriesUnder the modern motivation theories can elaborate following six theories. 1. ERG TheoryTo bring Maslows need hierarchy theory of motivation in synchronization with empirical research, Clayton Alderfer redefined it in his own terms. His rework is called as the ERG theory of motivation. He recategorized Maslows hierarchy of needs into three elementalr and broader classes of nodes Existence needs- These include the need for basic material necessities. In short, it includes an individuals physiological and physical safety needs. Relatedness needs- These include the aspiration individuals have for maintaining significant interpersonal relationships (be it with family, peers or superiors), acquire public fame and recognition. Maslows social needs and external component of esteem nee ds fall under this class of need. Growth needs- These include need for self- education and personal growth and advancement. Maslows self-actualization needs and intrinsic component of esteem needs fall under this category of need.Managers must understand that an employee has various needs that must be satisfied at the same clock. According to the ERG theory, if the manager concentrates solely on one need at a time, this will non effectively motivate the employee. Also, the frustration- regression aspect of ERG Theory has an added effect on workplace motivation. For instance- if an employee is not provided with growth and advancement opportunities in an organization, he might revert to the relatedness need such as socialise needs and to meet those socializing needs, if the environment or circumstances do not permit, he might revert to the need for money to do those socializing needs. The sooner the manager realizes and discovers this, the most immediate steps they will take to f ulfill those needs which are frustrated until such time that the employee can again pursue growth.2. McClellands Theory of NeedsDavid McClelland and his associates proposed McClellands theory of Needs / Achievement Motivation Theory. This theory states that human behavior is affected by three needs Need for Power, Achievement and Affiliation. Need for achievement is the urge to excel, to accomplish in relation to a facility of standards, to struggle to achieve success. Need for power is the desire to influence other individuals behavior as per your wish. In other words, it is the desire to have control over others and to be influential. Need for affiliation is a need for open and sociable interpersonal relationships. In other words, it is a desire for a relationship based on co-operation and mutual understanding.The individuals with postgraduate achievement needs are bluely motivated by competing and challenging work. They look for promotional opportunities in the job. They have a strong urge for feedback on their achievement. Such individuals try to get satisfaction in do things mitigate. High achievement is directly related to high performance. Individuals who are give way and above average performers are highly motivated. They assume responsibility for solving the problems at work. McClelland called such individuals as gamblers as they set challenging targets for themselves and they take the deliberate risk to achieve those set targets. Such individuals look for innovative ways of performing the job. They perceive achievement of goals as a bribe, and measure it more than a financial reward.The individuals who are motivated by power have a strong urge to be influential and controlling. They want that their views and ideas should dominate and thus, they want to lead. Such individuals are motivated by the need for re directation and self-esteem. Individuals with greater power and authority will perform better than those possessing slight power. Gene rally, managers with high need for power turn out to be more efficient and successful managers. They are more determined and loyal to the organization they work for. Need for power should not always be taken negatively.It can be viewed as the need to have a positive effect on the organization and to support the organization in achieving its goals. The individuals who are motivated by affiliation have an urge for a friendly and supportive environment. Such individuals are effective performers in a team. These masses want to be liked by others. The managers ability to make decisions is hampered if they have a high affiliation need as they pick to be accepted and liked by others, and this weakens their objectivity. Individuals having high affiliation needs prefer working in an environment providing greater personal interaction. Such people have a need to be on the safe(p) books of all. They generally cannot be good leaders.3. Goal vista TheoryIn 1960s, Edwin Locke put forward the G oal-setting theory of motivation. This theory states that goal setting is essentially linked to taskperformance. It states that specific and challenging goals along with appropriate feedback contribute to higher(prenominal) and better task performance. In simple words, goals indicate and give direction to an employee about what needs to be through and how much efforts are required to be put in. The important features of goal-setting theory are as follows The willingness to work towards attainment of goals is the main source of job motivation. Clear, particular and uncorrectable goals are greater motivating factors than easy, general and umbrageous goals. Specific and clear goals lead to greater output and better performance. Unambiguous, mensural and clear goals accompanied by a deadline for completion avoids misunderstanding. Goals should be possible and challenging. This gives an individual a feeling of p ride and triumph when he attains them, and sets him up for attainment of the next goal. The more challenging the goal, the greater is the reward generally and the more is the passion for achieving it. Better and appropriate feedback of results directs the employee behavior and contributes to higher performance than the absence of feedback. Feedback is a means of gaining reputation, making clarifications and regulating goal difficulties. It helps employees to work with more involvement and leads to greater job satisfaction. The employees participation in goal is not always desirable. Participation of setting goal, however, makes the goal more acceptable and leads to more involvement. Goal setting theory has certain eventualities such as Self-efficiency- Self-efficiency is the individuals self-confidence and faith that he has potential of performing the task. The higher the level of self-efficiency, greater will be the efforts put in by the individual when they face challenging tasks. While, lower the level of self-efficiency, less will be the efforts put in by the individual or he might even quit while get together challenges.Goal commitment- Goal setting theory assumes that the individual is committed to the goal and will not leave the goal. The goal commitment is dependent on the following factors1. Goals are made openly, recognizen and broadcasted.2. Goals should be set-self by individual rather than designated. 3. Individuals set goals should be consistent with the organizational goals and vision.4. Reinforcement TheoryReinforcement theory of motivation was proposed by BF mule driver and hisassociates. It states that an individuals behavior is a function of its consequences. It is based on law of effect, i.e, individuals behavior with positive consequences tends to be repeated, but individuals behavior with negative consequences tends not to be repeated. Reinforcement theory of motivation overlooks the internal state of individuality, i.e., the inner feelings and drives of individuals are ignored by Skinner. This theory focu ses totally on what happens to an individual when he takes some action. gum olibanum, according to Skinner, the external environment of the organization must be designed effectively and positively so as to motivate the employee. This theory is a strong tool for analyzing controlling mechanism for individuals behavior. However, it does not focus on the causes of individuals behavior. The managers use the following methods for controlling the behavior of the employees Positive Reinforcement- This implies giving a positive chemical reaction when an individual shows the positive and required behavior. For example Immediately praising an employee for coming early for the job. This will increase the probability of outstanding behavior occurring again. The reward is a positive reinforce, but not necessarily. If and only if the employees behavior improves, the reward can said to be a positive reinforcer. Positive funding stimulates occurrence of a behavior. It must be noted that more of fhand is the giving of reward, the greater reinforcement value it has. Negative Reinforcement- This implies rewarding an employee by removing negative / undesirable consequences. Both positive and negative reinforcement can be used for increasing desirable / required behavior. Punishment- It implies removing positive consequences so as to lower the probability of repeating the undesirable behavior in future. In other words,punishment means applying undesirable consequence for masking undesirable behaviors. For instance Suspending an employee for breaking the organizational rules. Punishment can be equalized by positive reinforcement from an alternative source. extinction- It implies absence of reinforcements. In other words, extinction implies lowering the probability of undesired behavior by removing the reward for that kind of behavior. For instance if an employee no longer receives praise and admiration for his good work, he may feel that his behavior is generating no fruitfu l consequence. Extinction may unintentionally lower desirable behavior.5. Equity Theory of MotivationThe core of the equity theory is the principle of balance or equity. As per this motivation theory, an individuals motivation level is correlated with his perception of equity, fairness and justice practiced by the management. Higher is an individuals perception of fairness, greater is the motivation level and vice versa. While evaluating fairness, employee compares the job input (in terms of contribution) to outcome (in terms of compensation) and also compares the same with that of other peer of equal cadre/category. D/I ratio (output-input ratio) is used to make such a comparison.An employee might compare himself with his peer within the present job in the current organization or with his friend/peer working in some other organization or with the past jobs held by him with others. An employees choice of the referent will be influenced by the appeal of the referent and the employees knowledge about the referent. moderate Variables The gender, salary, education and the experience level are moderating variables. Individuals with greater and higher education are more informed. Thus, they are likely to compare themselves with the outsiders. Males and females prefer same sexcomparison. It has been observed that females are paid typically less than males in comparable jobs and have less salary expectations than males for the same work. Thus, a woman employee that uses another women employee as a referent tends to lead to a lower comparative standard. Employees with greater experience know their organization precise well and compare themselves with their own colleagues, while employees with less experience swan on their personal experiences and knowledge for making comparisons.Choices The employees who perceive inequity and are under negative tension can make the following choices motley in input (e.g. Dont overexert) Change their outcome (Produce cadence output and increasing earning by sacrificing quality when piece rate incentive system exist) Choose a different referent Quit the job Change self perception (For instance I know that Ive performed better and harder than everyone else.) Change perception of others (For instance Jacks job is not as desirable as I earlier thinking it was.)6. Expectancy Theory of MotivationThe expectancy theory was proposed by success howl of Yale School of Management in 1964. Vroom stresses and focuses on outcomes, and not on needs unlike Maslow and Herzberg. The theory states that the intensity of a propensity to perform in a particular manner is dependent on the intensity of an expectation that the performance will be followed by a definite outcome and on the appeal of the outcome to the individual.The Expectancy theory states that employee motivation is an outcome of how much an individual wants a reward (Valence), the discernment that the likelihood that the effort will lead to expected performance (Expectancy) and the tactile sensation that the performance will lead to reward ( instrumentality). In short, Valence is the importation associated with an individual about the expected outcome. It is an expected and not the actual satisfaction that an employee expects to receive after achieving the goals. Expectancy is the faith that best efforts will result in betterperformance. Expectancy is influenced by factors such as bullheadedness of appropriate skills for performing the job, availability of right resources, availability of crucial info and getting the required support forcompleting the job.Instrumentality is the faith that if you perform well, then a valid outcome will be there. Instrumentality is affected by factors such as believe in the people who decide who receives what outcome, the simplicity of the process deciding who gets what outcome, and clarity of the relationship between performance and outcomes. Thus, the expectancy theory concentrates on the following th ree relationships Effort-performance relationship What is the likelihood that the individuals effort to be recognized in his performance appraisal? Performance-reward relationship It talks about the extent to which the employee believes that getting a good performance appraisal leads to organizational rewards. Rewards-personal goals relationship It is all about the attractiveness or appeal of the potential reward to the individual.Vroom was of view that employees consciously decide whether to perform or not on the job. This decision solely depended on the employees motivation level which in turn depends on three factors of expectancy, valence and instrumentality.Buddhist breeding For Motivation hi passik = come and seeWhen consider about Buddhist commands can identify good management systems focusing on various subject. According to the Buddhist teaching formotivation can not be categorized or can not be compared with modern or classic motivation theories. However as a teacher Bud dha mentioned about his damma as hi passik. That mean come and see. According to that Buddha mentioned mainly self motivation. In most of the occasions the Buddha condones about self motivation is only way to get rid of that Samsara. As a result of that the teaching of Buddha mostly depends on self motivation. When examining about Tipitaka, gives lots of Damma preached about motivation.In the Kalama Sutta mentioned about self motivation as follows Kalamas, as you yourselves say, do not follow the leader, do not go by the examination of reasons, do not stick to malign views, dont go by this has to be so, dont go by the words of your teacher, the recluse. Kalamas, you, yourselves should know these thoughts are demerit, these thoughts are faulty, these thoughts are blamed by the wise, these thoughts undertaken and accomplished are not for welfare, they put up to unpleasantness Kalamas, then you should dispel them. If it was said, it was said on account of this.Come Kalamas, do not go on filling your instinct persistently with what you hear, do not go by tradition, do not guess, do not go on the grounds of authority, do not turn to logical thinking, do not follow the leader, do not go by the examination of reasons, do not stick to wrong views, dont go by this has to be so, dont go by the words of your teacher, the recluse. Kalamas, you, yourselves should know these thoughts are meritorious, these thoughts are not faulty, these thoughts are not blamed by the wise, these thoughts undertaken and accomplished are for welfare, they conduce to please Kalamas, then you should grow them. (Anguttara Nikaya. Thika niapata. 3.2.2.5)In Mahgoplaka sutta mentioned these eleven factors, it is possible that the bhikkhu could come to growth and increase in this Teaching and Dispensation Bhikkhus,1. How does the bhikkhu know matter. The bhikkhu knows as it genuinely is, that all matter, is a matter of the four great elements and the matter that is held as mine. Thus, the bhik khu knows matter.1. How is the bhikkhu clever in marks? The bhikkhu knows as it really is, the fool by his actions, and the wise one of his actions. Thus the bhikkhu is clever in marks. 3. How does the bhikkhu dispel nits. here the bhikkhu does not predominate sensual thoughts chases them out, and makes them not rise again. Does not endure angry thoughts, chases them out, and makes them not rise again. Does not endure hurting thoughts, chases them out, and makes them not rise again. Does not endure arisen demerit chases it out, and makes it not rise again. Thus the bhikkhu dispels nits.4. How does the bhikkhu dress the wounds? Seeing a form with the eye does not take the sign and details. To one abiding uncontrolled in the faculty of the eye, unrighteous-minded demerit of covetousness and dis frolic may trickle down, to its control he feels, protects the faculty of the eye. Hearing a sound with the ear-Cognizing a smell with the nose-Coignizing a taste with the tongue, -Cognizin g a touch with the body, Cognizing an idea with the mind, does not take the sign or the details. To one abiding uncontrolled in the faculty of the mind, evil demerit, of covetousness. and displeasure may trickle down. To its control he feels, protects the faculty of the mind. Thus the bhikkhu dress wounds.5. Bhikkhus, how does the bhikkhu make smoke? Here the bhikkhu, explains the Teaching to others as he has learned and experienced, Thus the bhikkhu makes smoke. 6. Bhikkhus, how does the bhikkhu know the ford The bhikkhu approaches learned bearers of the Teaching and Discipline, who know the headings, from time to time, to question and cross question, to know the meanings. So that those aged ones would explain the hidden meanings and would dispel doubts. Thus the bhikkhu knows the ford. 7. Bhikkhus, how does the bhikkhu experience joy? In the Teaching and Discipline declared by the Thus Gone One the bhikkhu experiences meanings, in the Teaching and the resulting joy from it. Thus the bhikkhu experiences joy.8. How does the bhikkhu know the paths. Here the bhikkhu knows the noble eightfold path as it really is. Thus the bhikkhu knows the path.9. How is the bhikkhu clever in decision pastures? Here the bhikkhu knows, as it really is, the four establishments of mindfulness. Thus the bhikkhu is clever in finding pastures. 10. How does the bhikkhu make no mistake of notleaving a reminder? Here the bhikkhu accepts robes, morsel food, dwellings and requisites when ill, offered by householders out of faith, knowing the amount to accept. Thus the bhikkhu makes no mistake of not leaving a remainder.11. How does the bhikkhu not pay attention to the forefathers of the Community. Here the bhikkhu attends with bodily actions of winning kindness, verbal actions of loving kindness, and mental actions of loving kindness, towards the leaders of the Community. Those with a long standing and needing special attention. Thus the bhikkhu attends to the forefathers of the Communi ty.It is possible that the bhikkhu endowed with these eleven characteristics should come to growth and development in this Teaching and Discipline.(Majjima Nikaya, Mahgoplaka sutta Vol.i,4,3)As well as most famous venerable chulla panthakas story also mentioned that the Buddha only teaches the way to get rid of Samsara. Because in that story mentioned chulla panthaka there also learn in self motivation. Not only that story Kisa gothami, Patachara , Khema, stories also mentioned Buddha saw the only way of getting rid of that Samsara for those people.According to above mentioned statement illustrate self motivation is most important thing to understand the Buddhist teaching. In Dhammapada which is Most famous as Handbook of the Buddhist also mentioned some kind of motivation facts in their verses. The glory of him who is energetic, mindful, pure in deed, considerate, self-controlled, right-living, and thrifty steadily increases. (Dhammapada 24) By sustaining effort, earnestness, disc ipline, and self-control let the wise man make for himself an island, which no flood overwhelms. (Dhammapada 25) Indulge not in heedlessness have no intimacy with sensuous delights. Verily, the earnest, meditative person obtains abundant bliss. (Dhammapada 27) heedful amongst the heedless, wide awake amongst the slumbering, the wise man advances as do a swift horse, leaving a weak guard behind. (Dhammapada 29) Even as rain does not penetrate a well-thatched house, so does lust not penetrate a well-developed mind. (Dhammapada 14)Though little he recites the Sacred Texts, but acts in accordance with the teaching, forsaking lust, hatred and ignorance, truly knowing, with mind well freed, clinging to naught here and hereafter, he shares the fruits of the Holy Life. (Dhammapada 20)Make haste in doing good check your mind from evil for the mind of him who is slow in doing meritorious actions delights in evil. (Dhammapada 116) Should a person commit evil, he should not do it again and aga in he should not find pleasure therein painful is the accumulation of evil. (Dhammapada 117) Should a person perform a meritorious action, he should do it again and again he should find pleasure therein blissful is the accumulation of merit. (Dhammapada 118) The flickering, fickle mind, difficult to guard, difficult to control the wise person straightens it as a fletcher straightens an arrow. (Dhammapada 33)As a conclusion Buddhist teaching for motivation basically mean self motivation. It is helpful to the people to fulfil their aims and goals certain. atthi attano nto- kohi nto parosiy hoping souls help is useless. Because of that we can get only help from ourself. If person can think like that he absolutely attains his goals without any barriers.

The Return: Shadow Souls Chapter 1

Dear Diary, Elena whispe inflamed, how frustrating is this? I go forth you in the eubstance of the puma and its two oclock in the morning. She stabbed her finger on the leg of her nightgown as if she had a pen and was making a period. She whispered in time more softly, leaning her forehead against the window, And Im afraid to go break gradient in the dark and get you. Im afraid She make an other stab and so, emotional state tears slip nap her cheeks, reluctantly turned her mobile on to record. It was a stupid waste of the battery, provided she couldnt help it. She accepted this.So here I am, she utter softly, sitting up in the backseat of the car. This has to be my diary entry for today. By the way, we make a rule for this road trip I sleep in the Jags backseat and its the Great Outdoors for phlegm and Damon. Right at a time its so dark get under ones skin forth facial expression that I repose forwardt fulfill monotonic anywhere. n of both timetheless Ive b een going crazy crying and mental picture lost and so l angiotensin converting enzymely for Stefan.We endure to get rid of the Jaguar its too whacking, too red, too flashy, and too memorable when were assay not to be considered as we travel to the abode where we rout out free Stefan. later on the car is sold, the lapis lapis lazuli and diamond pendant Stefan gave me the day forwards he disappe ard will be the most precious thing I wee left. The day beforeStefan got tricked into going away, speculateing he could become an mean(a) human being. And nowHow can I stop finding nearly what They competency be doing to him, at this very succor whoever They are? credibly the kitsune, the evil pull someones leg spirits at the prison c exclusivelyed the Shi no Shi.Elena pa put ond to sweep her nose on her nightgown sleeve.How did I ever get myself into this authority? She shook her head, hit the seatback with her clenched fist.Maybe if I could figure that out, I could com e up with Plan A. I etern every(prenominal)y set most a Plan A. And my friends forever and a day involve a Plan B and C to help me. Elena blinked hard, thinking of fairish and Meredith. hardly now Im f undecomposedened that Ill neer see them again. And Im s electric charged for the entire town of Fells church building.For a moment she sit down with her clenched fist on her knee. A sm each(prenominal) voice indoors her was saying, So stop whining, Elena, and think. Think. Start from the beginning.The beginning? What was the beginning? Stefan?No, she had lived in Fells church service long before Stefan came.Slowly, almost dreamily, she spoke into her mobile. In the outset place who am I? Im Elena Gilbert, age eighteen. Even more slowly, she said, Idont think its vain to say that Im beautiful. If I didnt know I was, Id have to have never looked in a mirror or heard a compliment. Its not something I should be proud of its exclusively something that was passed down from ma ma and Dad.What do I look same(p)? I have redheaded hair that f completelys in sort of waves past my shoulders and blue eye that some people have said are akin lapis lazuli dark blue with splashes of currency. She gave a half(a)-choked laugh. Maybe thats why vampires like me. and thence her lips tightened and, staring into the utter blackness around her, she spoke seriously.A hardening of boys have called me the most angelic miss in the founding. And I vie around with them. I honorable usaged them for popularity, for am wasting diseasement, for whatever. Im being honest, all accountability? I considered them to be toys or trophies. She paused. only there was something else. Something that I knew all my vitality was coming but I didnt know what. I entangle as if I were searching for something that I could never find with boys. none of my scheming or playing around with them ever tingeed mydeepest nervusuntil one very special boy came along. She stop and swallowed and said it again. whiz very special boy.His name was Stefan.And he turned out not to be what he looked like, a normal but gorgeous proud school senior with rumpled dark hair and eyes as green as emeralds.Stefan Salvatore turned out to be a vampire.A real vampire.Elena had to pause to take a few choked breaths before she could get the next words out.And so did his gorgeous older brother, Damon.She touch her lips, and it seemed a long time later that she added, Would I have cope Stefan if Id known he was a vampire from the beginning? Yes Yes Yes Id have fall in love with him no matter what But it changed things and it changed me. Elenas finger traced a pattern on her nightgown by touch alone. You see, vampires show love by exchanging blood. The problem wasthat I was sharing blood with Damon, too. not in truth by choice, but because he was by and by me constantly, day and night.She let out a sigh. What Damon says is that he wants to make me a vampire and his Princess of the N ight. What that translates into is he wants me all to himself. But I wouldnt trust Damon on anything unless he gave his word. Thats one homosexualism he has, he never breaks his word.Elena could palpate an odd smile curl her lips, but she was speaking calmly now, fluently, the mobile almost forgotten.A girl involved with two vampireswell, theres bound to be trouble, isnt there? So mayhap I deserved what I got.I died.Not just died like when your heart stops and they resuscitate you and you come back talking some almost going into the Light. I went into the Light.I died.And when I came back what a surprise I was a vampire.Damon waskind to me, I suppose, when I first woke up as a vampire. Maybe thats the reason I inactive have senseings for him. He didnt take advantage of me when he could have easily.But I scarcely had time to do a few things in my vampire life. I had time to remember Stefan and love him more than ever since I knew, then, how difficult everything was for him. I got to listen to my own memorial service. Ha Everybody should get a chance to do that. I readed to always, always wear lapis lazuli so I wouldnt become a vampire Crispy Critter. I got to say good-bye to my little four-year-old babe, Margaret, and visit Bonnie and Meredith.Tears were hush sliding almost unnoticed down Elenas face. But she spoke relaxationly.And then I died again.I died the way a vampire dies, when they dont have lapis lazuli in the sun lilting. I didnt crumble into dust I was only seventeen. But the sun poisoned me anyway. Going was almostpeaceful. That was when I do Stefan promise to take care of Damon, always. And I think Damon swore to take care of Stefan, in his heading. And that was how I died, with Stefan holding me and Damon beside me as I simply drifted away, like going to sleep.After that, I had dreams I dont remember, and then unawares, one day everyone was surprised because I was talking to them through Bonnie, who is very psychic, poor thing. I guess I had landed the job of being Fells church buildings guardian spirit. in that location was a danger to the town. They had to fight it and someway, when they were sure that they had lost, I got dumped back to the world of the living to help. And well, when the war was won I was left with these weird powers I dont under deliver. But there was Stefan, too We were together againElena wrapped her munition around herself tightly and held on as if she were holding Stefan to her, imagining his warm implements of war around her. She shut her eyes until her breathing slowed.About my powers, lets see. Theres telepathy, which I can do if the other person is telepathic which all vampires are, but to distinct degrees unless theyre actually sharing blood with you at the time. And then there are my Wings.Its true I have Wings And the Wings have powers you wouldnt intend the only problem being that I dont have the faintest idea how to use them. Theres one that I can feel sometimes, l ike chasten now, nerve-wracking to get out of me, trying to shape my lips to name it, trying to feed my body into the right stance. Its Wings of Protection and that sounds like something we could really use on this trip. But I cant even remember how I made the old Wings work untold less figure out how to use this new one. I say the words until I feel like an idiot but nothing happens at all.So Im a human again as human as Bonnie. And, oh, God, if I could only see her and Meredith right now But all the time I tell myself that Im getting closer to Stefan every minute. That is, if you take into account Damons runnel us up and down and everywhere to throw off anybody trying to track us down.Why would anyone want to track us down? Well, you see, when I came back from the afterlife there was a very big explosion of military unit that everyone in the world who can see Power saw.Now, how do I explain Power? Its something that everybody has, but that humans omit genuine psychics l ike Bonnie dont even recognize. Vampires definitely have Power, and they use it to Influence humans to like them, or to think that things are diametric from reality oh, like the way Stefan Influenced the high school staff to think his records were all in order when he transferred to Robert E. Lee High School. Or they use Power to blast other vampires or creatures of darkness or humans. But I was talking almost the burst of Power when I dropped down from the heavens. It was so big that it attracted two horrible creatures from the other side of the world. And then they decided to come see what had made the burst, and if there was any way they could use it for themselves.Im not joking, either, about them being from the other side of the world. They were kitsune, evil fox spirits from Japan. Theyre something like our Western werewolves but much more powerful. So powerful that they used malach, which are really plants but look like insects that can be no bigger than a pinhead or bi g enough to swallow your arm. And the malach attach themselves to your steel and feather out along your entire nervous system and at last they take you oer from inside.Now Elena was shuddering, and her voice was hushed.Thats what happened to Damon. A tiny one got into him and it took him over from inside so that he was only a cock of Shinichis. I forgot to say, the kitsune are called Shinichi and Misao. Misao is the girl. They both have black hair with red all around the tips, but Misaos is long. And theyre supposed to be brother and sister but they sure dont act like it.And once Damon was fully possessed, thats when Shinichi made Damons bodydo terrible things. He made him torture monotonous and me, and even now I know that sometimes languor still wants to kill Damon for it. But if hed seen what I saw a whole thin, wet, exsanguinous second body that I had to pull out with my fingernails from Damons spine with Damon lastly passing out from the pain then Matt would understan d better. I cant blame Damon for what Shinichi made him do. I cant. Damon wasyou cant imagine how different. He was crushed. He cried. He wasAnyway, I dont expect to ever see him like that again. But if I ever get my Wings powers back, Shinichi is in big trouble.I think that that was our fracture last time, you see. We finally were able to fight Shinichi and Misao and we didnt kill them. We were too righteous or too gentle or something.It was a bad mistake.Because Damon wasnt the only one who got possessed by Shinichis malach. There were girls, young girls, fourteen and fifteen and younger. And some boys. Actingcrazy. Hurting themselves and their families. We didnt know how badly until after wed already made a bargain with Shinichi.Maybe we were too immoral, making a bargain with the devil. But they had kidnapped Stefan and Damon, who was already possessed by then, had helped them. Once Damon was unpossessed, all he cherished was for Shinichi and Misao to tell us where Stefan w as, and then for them to leave Fells Church forever.In exchange for that, Damon let Shinichi into his mind.If vampires are obsess with Power, kitsune are obsessed with memories. And Shinichi wanted Damons memories for the last few days the time that Damon was possessed and twisting usand the time when my Wings made Damon realize that he had do it. I dont think Damon himself wanted those memories, either of what hed done or of how hed changed when he had to face that hed done it. So he let Shinichi take them, in exchange for Shinichi putting Stefans location into his mind.The problem is that we were trusting Shinichis word that he would leave then when Shinichis word meant nothing at all.Plus, ever since then hes been using the telepathic channel that he opened between his mind and Damons to take more and more of Damons memories without Damon even knowing.It happened just last night, when we were pulled over by a policeman who wanted to know what three teenagers in an expensive car were doing that late at night. Damon Influenced him to go away. But just a few hours later Damon had forgotten the policeman completely.It frightens Damon. And anything that frightens Damon not that he would ever admit it scares me to death.And, you might ask, what were three teenagers doing out in the mettle of nowhere, in Union County, Tennessee, according to the last road sign I saw? Were heading toward some Gate to the glowering Dimensionwhere Shinichi and Misao left Stefan in the prison called the Shi no Shi. Shinichi only put the knowledge into Damons mind, and I cant get Damon to say much about what kind of place it is. But Stefan is there and Ill get to him somehow, even if it kills me.Even if I have to learn how to kill.Im not the sweet little girl from Virginia I used to be.Elena stopped and blew out her breath. But then, cuddling herself, she went on.And why is Matt along with us? Well, because of Caroline Forbes, my friend since kindergarten. Last yearwhen Stefan came to Fells Church, she and I both wanted him. But Stefan didnt want Caroline. And after that she turned into my worst enemy.Caroline was withal the lucky winner of Shinichis first visit to any girl in Fells Church. But more to the point she was Tyler Smallwoods girlfriend quite a slice before she was his victim. I wonder how long they were together and where Tyler is now. All I know is that, in the end, Caroline hung on to Shinichi because she needed a husband. That was how she put it herself. So I assume well, what Damon assumes. That shes going tohave puppies. A loup-garou litter, you know? Since Tyler is a werewolf.Damon says that having a werewolf baby turns you into a werewolf even faster than if youre bitten, and that at some point in the gestation period you gain the power to be all wolf or all human, but before that point youre just a mixed-up mess.The dingy thing is that Shinichi scarcely gave Caroline a second glance when she blurted it all out.But before that Ca roline had been desperate enough to accuse Matt of of assaulting her on a date that went wrong. She had to have known something about what Shinichi was doing because she claimed her date with Matt was at a time when one of the arm-swallowing mallach was attacking him, making attach on his arm that looked like a girls fingernail scratches.That sent the police after Matt, all right. So basically I just made him come with us. Carolines father is one of the most important people in Fells Church and hes friends with the district attorney in Ridgemont and the leader of one of those mens clubs where they have secret hand rocks and other stuff that makes you, you know, prominent in the community.If I hadnt convinced(p) Matt to run instead of facing Carolines charges, the Forbeses would have lynched him. And I feel the anger like a fire inside me not just anger and hurt for Matt, but anger and the feeling that Caroline has let all girls everywhere down. Because most girls arent pathol ogical liars, and wouldnt say something like that about a boy falsely. Shes shamed all girls by doing what she did.Elena paused, looking at her hands, and then added, Sometimes when I get angry at Caroline, cups fluff up or pencils roll right off the table. Damon says all this is caused by my aura, my life force, and that ever since I came back from the afterlife its been different. First of all, it makes anyone who drinks my blood unbelievably strong.Stefan was strong enough that the fox demons could never have forced him into their lying in wait if Damon hadnt tricked him in the beginning. They could only deal with him when he was weakened and surrounded by iron. Iron is bad news for any eldritch creature, plus vampires need to feed at least once a day or they get weak, and Ill bet no, Im sure that they used that against him.Thats why I cant stand to think about what shape Stefan might be in right this minute. But I cant let myself get too afraid or angry or Ill lose control o f my aura. Damon showed me how to keep my aura by and large inside, like a normal human girl. Its still pale gold and pretty, but not a beacon for creatures like vampires.Because theres one other thing my blood maybe even just my aura can do. It canoh, well, I can say anything I want to here, right? Nowadays, my aura can make vampires want methe way human guys do. Not just to bite, get it? But to kiss and all the rest. And so, naturally, they come after me if they sense it. Its as if the world is full of honeybees and Im the only flower.So I have to practice keeping my aura vague. If its just barely showing, then I can get away with seeming like a normal human, not somebody whos died and come back. But its hard to always remember to hide it and it hurts a lot pulling it in suddenly if Ive forgottenAnd then I feel this is absolutely private, all right? Im putting a curse on you, Damon, if you replay this. But its then that I feel like I want Stefan to bite me. It eases up the pr essure, and thats good. Being bitten by a vampire only hurts if you fight it, or if the vampire wants it to hurt. Otherwise, it can just feel good and then you touch the mind of the vampire whos done it, andoh, I just miss Stefan so muchElena was shaking now. As hard as she tried to quiet her imagination, she kept thinking about the things that Stefans jailers might be doing to him. Grimly, she gripped her mobile again, allow tears fall on it.I cant let myself think of what they might do to him because then I really start to go crazy. I become this useless shaking insane person who just wants to utter and scream and never stop. I have to fight every second not to think about it. Because only a cool, calm Elena with a Plan A and B and C is going to help him. When I have him safe in my arms, I can let myself shake and cry and scream, too.Elena stopped, half laughing, her head bent against the passengers seatback, her voice husky with overuse.Im devolve now. But I have a Plan A, a t least. I need to get more information from Damon about the place were going, the sable Dimension, and anything he knows about the two clues Misao gave me about the key that will open Stefans cell.I guessI guess I havent mentioned that at all. The key, the fox key, that we need to get Stefan out of his cell, is broken into two pieces that are hidden in two different places. And when Misao was taunting me about how little I knew about those places, she gave me flat-out clues about where they were. She never dreamed Id actually go into the Dark Dimension she was just showing off. But I still remember the clues, and they went like this The first half is in the silver nightingales instrument. And the second half is buried in Bloddeuwedds ballroom.I need to see if Damon has any ideas about these. Because it sounds as if once we get to the Dark Dimension were going to have to infiltrate some peoples houses and other places. To search a ballroom, its best to somehow get invited to the b all, right? That sounds like easier said than done, but whatever it takes, Ill do. Its simple-minded as that.Elena lifted her head in determination and went still, then said in a whisper, Would you believe it? I looked up just now and I can see the palest streaks of dawn in the sky light green and creamy orange and the faintest aqua. Ive talked all through the darkness. Its so peaceful now. Just now the sun peeked up o What the crazy house was that? Something just went BANG on the top of the Jag. Really, really loud.Elena clicked off the fipple flute on her mobile. She was scared, but a noise like that and now scrabbling sounds on the roofShe had to get out of the car as fast as possible.

Photography History in the News Essay

Over two centuries, civilizations have used print media to circularize news and information to the masses. During a period of time around 59 B.C the Roman Acta Diurna, is the earliest recorded newspaper. Julius Caesar, wanting to inform the humankind about important social and political happenings, ordered upcoming events post in major cities. Written on large white boards and displayed in popular places like the Baths, the Acta kept citizens informed about government scandals, soldiery campaigns, trials and executions. In 8th century China, the first newspapers appeared as hand- pen newssheets in Beijing.In the year 1969 extraordinary activity in the order field vied with the entre of new products and it called as photographic year. The years largest display twain of products and pictures was held at the nine-day Photo Expo 69, which filled all four exhibition floors of the youthful York Coliseum and drew a total of nearly 100,000 visitors. more than than 3,000 black-and-whi te and color photographs by amateurs and professionals were displayed, and individual exhibits covered space picture taking and other specialized fields. Supplementing the print shows were a number of temporary theaters for slides and movies which reflected the newest ideas in the presentation of these media.Among other shows that attracted attention and drew visitors was 600 Faces by Beaton, 1928-1969, originally exhibited at the National Portrait Gallery in London and shown in the fall in States at the Museum of the City of New York. It was the largest one-woman(prenominal) show (and the only one-man show of British photographer and designer Cecil Beaton) ever held in New York, and it contained portraits of many of the outstanding personalities of the past four decades.Later on, photojournalism was introduced to accompany the written information, because photojournalism has unique power to fix events, places and human in our collective history. further before we move on furthe r, let us try to picture first what is photograph? A photograph is a picture shit through the chemical action of get out on sensitive film. It is a medium of recording reality that is iconic as well as indexical. Although a photograph resembles or imitates something, making it iconic, it achieves this through the use of light from the subject, therefore making it less arbitrary. However, a photograph is a internal representation of a particular moment and situation in time. Barthes expressed his encounter that a newspaper photograph is, an object that has been worked on, chosen, composed, constructed, treated according to professional, aesthetic or ideological norms which are so many factors of connotation.(cited in Bagnell, 1977 p.98). travelling photographic exhibits visited many cities in the United States, Canada, and Latin America during the year. Among the exhibits sponsored by the George Eastman House, the museum of photography at Rochester, N.Y., were Contemporary Phot ographers, a multipart exhibition a ex post facto of the work of Eugne Atget, a French photographer active in the early part of the century and Photography in the Twentieth Century. The Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, D.C., sent out several traveling shows, which included AustraliaThe Sunburnt Country, The contort of Man, The Concerned Photographer, and Laos.The technological revolution of today is creating new challenges and opportunities for traditional media. straight off books, newspapers, magazines and any other forms of media is really using photograph to illustrate or to picture out the of  they mean in their written information.Literature Cited newspaper publisher the History.http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NewspaperHistory

Open Religion Exam Review

What problem does spherical free trade cause? Explain common good. the 3 necessary elements for common good. What is social justice? 7 pieces of Catholic Social t from each oneing. What each theme teaches Explain globalization How much of the total world income do countries like Canada receive? How much of the total world income do the poorest state in developing countries receive? How has globalization become a incubus for poor countries? Explain how globalization could lead to justice.Who is Craig Eagleburger. What issues does he economic aid approximately? Who has he helped? How has he helped them? Inside Your move. What are the issues raised. How are these situations unfair? What could be done to bring justice to these situations? Who is Ryan Hershel? What issue does he care about? Who has he helped? How has he helped? Why are relationships important? confine intimacy. Briefly explain the 5 levels of intimacy Describe the stages Of the family life cycle. What act is your family in?What are the types of families? Describe the moral decision making ideal What are values? Describe standards for judging values Define or explain sex, sexuality, sexual orientation, heterosexual orientation, nonsexual orientation, abstinence, celibacy, chastity What are SST Is listing bacteria caused SST Is treatment list virus caused Stir treatment 2 reasons why the Catholic Church calls for abstinence from sexual intercourse exterior marriage What is Natural Family Planning (NAP)?What does it mean to be Catholic in todays society? Movies we watched this semester Power of One Stolen Summer Dan in Real look Junk Ryans Well It Take a Child Inside Your Threads pay it Forward Explain how each movie connects to a theme or topic discussed in class this semester.

Confucianism vs Taoism

The Teachings of Confucius versus the Tao Te Ching The teachings of Confucius and the Tao Te Ching are two important schools of estimation in chinaware. In Confuciuss Analects, he dialog mostly of political and favorable issues and alike speaks about how tribe must(prenominal) govern by following rules and displaying virtuous qualities such as honesty and integrity. Lao Zi on the other hand talks of how the world has a propensity towards equilibrise itself and that raft should govern by qualifying with the flow slice the cosmos part out the events of manner.He also mentions that people should baffle a detachment from many things in life such as strong objects. Ultimately, the main discordence surrounded by the Tao Te Ching and the teachings of Confucius is that the Tao Te Ching says that people should live their life in an ethereal manner by following the forces of nature, whereas Confuciuss teachings put one over a strict deterrent example code that people must abide by. Confuciuss teachings single out people how to present by mentioning what purpose traits they should have and how to take take onion accordingly.For example, in the analects Confucius says, He who exercises government by means of his virtue may be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and wholly(a) the stars turn towards it (The Analects, Wei Zheng, 1). Lao Zi on the other hand describes the concept of administration in an entirely different manner. He says that, Prizing no treasures keeps people from stealing Thesage governs them all (Tao Te Ching, 2). There is a noted difference between the ideas that are presented in the quotes of Confucius and Lao Zi.Confucius talks of ruling others by way of virtue and says that once people see the example being institute by a government official, then they will follow it. On a different note, Lao Zi says that people should become detached from worldly things in station to encourage others to follow the rul es and instill Te (virtue). The Tao Te Ching and the Confucian analects differ here because Confucius talks of ruling by setting an example based on morality, whereas Lao Zi talks of political science by doing energy and detaching oneself from material objects.Overall, the method of governing mentioned by Confucius involves worldly actions while Laozis method involves inaction and faith in an transcendental force to sort issues out. The look atConfuciuswas released in 2010 starring Chow Yun Fat. effrontery that Chow is a superstar, his casting tends to master the verisimilitude of the ask. For example, much of Confucius personal life in the film is fictionalized as we are introduced to his married woman and daughter. Similarly, a burst in the moving-picture show is dedicated to the legendary meeting between Confucius and LaoZiin which Confucius asks for and gets advice. clipthree at 1730. The scene is a go romanticized though because it features Confucius and Lao Zi meetin g on a mountain above clouds. Nevertheless, this scene reflects the ideas of Confucius as a scholar that believes in governing by morality and Lao Zi as one that believes in governing by inaction. On the mountain, Lao Zi mentions that Confucius believes in acting through rituals and benevolence while Lao Zi himself has the belief that one should act by doing nil and should gain an uncanny detachment from things such as desire.He offers Confucius this brainstorm but Confucius politely refuses, saying that he must follow his own path and describing Lao Zis ideas as as well as ethereal for him to follow (Clip 3). Their conversation illustrates the primer coat of these two mens ideas. The film portrays Laozi as one who believes in the inherent course of things. He believes that by doing nothing and going with the flow of things, situations will ultimately get better. This idea is even more than exemplified when Confucius tells Lao Zi that he thinks he has failed in his mission to knock down the city walls.Laozi tells him to stop trying when you have achieved nothing and maybe the best contribution is no contribution and further reveals his Daoist principles (Clip 3). All in all, the film Confucius, Lao Zi is portrayed as a man who believes in otherworldly solutions to problems while Confucius believes in strict, absolute ones. A depiction of Confuciuss ideas of governing is also apparent in the beginning of the film. When public lecture to the emperor of Lu, Confucius mentions that people should respect the police because theyre civil and honest and have integrity to make their homeland a better place.This approach involves making an front to have those specific character traits and differs from the teachings of the Tao Te Ching because it involves what Lao Zi called chasing the light (Tao Te Ching, 3). He says that too much light blinds, which in this case is the seeking of morality, and that it is better to indigence less instead of more. The confl iction of Confucian and Daoist ideas illustrates the difficult differences they have in regards to how people should act and be governed. Confucianism involves adhering to a strict moral code whereas Daoism involves going with the natural holy order of hings and by acting through inaction. though the ideologies of Confucius and Lao Zi differ a ample deal, they do have one similarity. They twain serve as major moral codes that many people in China still follow today. Biblography Legge, James. The Analects. N. p. n. p. , n. d. Web. http//ctext. org/analects/wei-zheng. 6 Mar. 2013. Red Pine. Tao Te Ching. N. p. , n. d. Web. https//elearning. uh. edu/bbcswebdav/pid-394869-dt-content-rid-1739781_1/courses/H_20131_CHNS_3354_11272/red_pine_dao. htm. 6 Mar. 2013

The Growth of Online Shopping

THE GROWTH OF ONLINE shop MENTORED BY- MR SUHAIL ANWAR NIFT, virgin DELHI CREDITS- VAISHALI RAI SEMESTER III BACHELOR OF FASHION applied science NIFT, NEW DELHI 2011-2015 DATE- 21 AUGUST, 2012 CERTIFICATE This is to endorse that this Report tit direct THE GROWTH OF ONLINE obtain is based on my, original interrogation work, conducted under the guidance of Mr. Suhail Anwar towards partial fulfillment of the requirement for award of the Bachelor computer program Technology, of the National Institute of Fashion Technology, recent Delhi Center. trace of Researcher Vaishali Rai BFT-III NIFT, im vaned Delhi Signature of Mentor Mr. Suhail Anwar NIFT, New Delhi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Any consummation requires the effort of many hoi polloi and thither ar no exceptions. The report world submitted today is a result of incarnate effort. Although the report has been solely on the watch by me with the purpose of fulfilling the requirements of the course of BF-Tech (Bachelor of Fashion Te chnology), on that point are many answering pass on behind it who have guided me on my way. My sincere gratitude goes to Mr.Suhail Anwar, my mentor for the project, for providing me with his valuable companionship and guidelines so as to bring come go forth of the closet this report in a square-toed manner. I would wish well to express my gratitude towards my parents for their kindhearted co-operation and encouragement which helped me in completion of this report. Lastly, I would like to say that this report has been prepared by me and any mis lock/ delusion in the report is solely my responsibility. Vaishali Rai BFT-III NIFT, New Delhi CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. CURRENT ONLINE SHOPPING SCENARIO . actual TRENDS IN ONLINE SHOPPING- GLOBAL AND INDIA 4. WHAT THE FURURE HAS IN STORE 5. REFRENCES INTRODUCTION When it comes to todays Gen Z, apparently the network generation (and the most(prenominal) lazy gen of altogether), almost everything right from nourishment to things in our bedroom is somewhere or the other the result of the tech cover and internet friendly behavior of ours. A click and we have the dominoes pizza sizzling hot on our doorstep, a click and we have the a la mode(p) thingamajig in our hands what else do we leave?Dads credit calling card of course but that is not a problem at all. Its like a new impetus has started, the dog has gone WILD and online obtain unsub receivab take A report by For naper, a star research agency indicates that online obtain has recently seen an upsurge in its body politic owing to easy ingress to Internet, the globose IT boom which has facilitated an exemplary growth of all IT related infrastructure, and the ridiculously busy schedules which go forth us too drained to take the trouble of driving to a monetary fund to buy what we need.While its still straightlaced to stop by a butt in to touch and see products, the convenience of online shop cant be beat. To be precise in that location are sooner a few reasons behind this upsurge, which are mentioned below- * The e-tailing situates have been pumped with cash for expansion, and theres now a sore race afoot to try and overcome up as quickly as possible. * The reasons for this surprising consumerism are as well as attributed to several(prenominal) socio-economic reasons including loftyer(prenominal) disposable incomes and greater focalise on status and reflection of the privy label of all consumer goods. Increase in result of people using internet and their ontogeny belief in it referable to consumer friendly security gateways etc. * The ripe infrastructure and the ease of technology offered is also one of the biggest reasons for the growth of this edit out. Of course, India, home to people who are huge fans of sales, discounts, etc has the gaining popularity of the coupon sites overlap the task of popularizing the growth of online shopping trend in the country. CURRENT ONLINE SHOPPING SCENARIO- mart AND T HE CONSUMERSThe biggest hindrances to online shopping in the past were the high incidence of identity theft, lack of consumer-friendly site interface, and the dot-com bust. tho when despite these drawbacks, with the help of computer programmers improved software and change magnitude security, investors and businesses rebuilt and redefined online tradeing. Today, online stores are in the millions, with shops catering to both(prenominal) businesses and direct consumers. * Currently Europe is the largest commercialize place for online shoppers in the world. And when it comes to nations, US and UK top the charts. Wherein when its the swift growing roles of online shopping, the APAC region is gaining high popularity, both in terms of trade and the consumers. Recently, it was reported that Asians, particularly Indians and Chinese, are changing their way of shopping and are termination online. There are more spicy Net Worth consumers within china than the veridical of Europ e put together. Japan leads the world-wide mobile shopping sector due to the existing infrastructure for fast and advanced(a) delivery of technology customized for personal consumption.When the residuum of the world showed consumers cutting back on spending, some of the countries of the APAC region, such as India, china and Vietnam, showed a surprising rise in sales values to the tune of 15 percent in comparison to the rest of the world. India alone saw the growth of 18 percent in its online shopping sector. EXISTING TRENDS IN ONLINE SHOPPING- GLOBAL AND INDIA In the international markets, the move is towards online portals, while in the Asia- peaceful regions, especially India, there is an equal salmagundi of traditional or wet markets for honeyed produce, followed by the online format for lifestyle products, fit out and electronic goods.Trends in Global Online obtain * 92 percent of Consumers utilization websites to comparing prices * 76 percent of Consumers use websit es to access and print coupons * 75 percent of Consumers acquire at to the lowest degree 1 products or function per month via the Internet * 26 percent of Consumers spend at least $500 per month buying goods/services via the Internet Trends in Indian Online shop * In the next one year, at least eight out of go Indian consumers forget take hold online gets At present, a little more than a quarter users reveal that they spend 11% of their monthly shopping expenditure on procurements online. * 71 percent Indians trust recommendations from family when fashioning an online purchase decision. Recommendations from friends stand at 64 percent and online product reviews at 29 percent. * Almost 50% Indian consumers use and trust social media sites to help them make online purchase decisions * In the next 6 months or so, most buyers give purchase books (41%), airline tickets (40%), and electronic equipment such as TV, Cameras (36%) online. The trend observed is that while shopping, mo st buyers ideally shop from websites that allow them to choose products from many different stores. WHAT THE FUTURE HAS IN STORE Global business-to-consumer e-commerce sales volition pass the 1 trillion euro ($1. 25 trillion) mark by 2013, and the total number of Internet users will increase to almost 3. 5 one thousand million from around 2. 2 billion at the end of 2011, gibe to a new report by the Interactive Media in Retail assort (IMRG), a U. K. online retail trade organization.The theater estimates that business-to-consumer e-commerce sales in 2011 increased to 690 billion Euros ($961 billion), an increase of close to 20% from a year earlier. IMRG estimates that growth rates in countries like US and UK (currently the market giants) will be approximately 10-15% a year. But with Chinas e-commerce sales growing more than 130% in 2011, it is only a matter of time in advance the Asian giant becomes the single largest market in the world. IMRG, is forecasting that France, Ital y, Spain, Russia, Turkey and Poland will be the winged-growing markets in Europe.It also anticipates substantial growth in Latin America, led by Brazil and Mexico, and the Middle East, led by Israel and the UAE. Online retail in India is on fire and will be on it in the near future. India to be the fastest growing E-Commerce Market in Asia-Pacific region and its online market is set to grow to $8. 8 Billion by 2016. According to the latest research by Forrester, a leading global research and advisory firm, the e-commerce market in India is set to grow the fastest within theAsia-Pacific Region at a CAGR of over 57% between the geezerhood 2012-16. As per the report, while compound annual growth rates in the mature e-commerce markets of Japan, South Korea, and Australia will run 11% to 12% over the next fin years, in the rapidly growing markets of China and India, these growth rates will be 25% and 57%, respectively. This report brings out the fact there has been a still rise in t he sector of online shopping and this rise will continue to take place in the future also.The trend of online shopping is here to stay. REFRENCES http//www. businessreviewindia. in/ merchandise/web/online-shopping-trends-in-india (Visited on 12 August, 2012) http//www. bigcommercereviewsite. com/online-shopping-statistics-is-your-offline-business-suffering/ (Visited on 12 August, 2012) http//EzineArticles. com (Visited on 17 August, 2012) http//www. asiaonlinemarketing. com/online-potential-in-asia-pacific/ (Visited on 17 August, 2012) http//www. retailresearch. org/onlineretailing. php (Visited on 16 August, 2012)

Power of Active Directory in Windows Server 2003 Essay

In differentiate to understand the concept of participating directory first permits coach a savour at directory expediency. Directory Service is a dish up which stores nurture of using and managing different objects of mesh at a centralized point. Those objects acknowledge printing master of ceremoniess, file servers, printers fax servers etc .The directory service stores both of the information regarding the resources and at the resembling time provides mechanism of substance ab user-friendly gateway code to the resources information for the drug users. alive(p) directory is in addition a directory service in windows server cc3 which stores information about the netwrok resources and about the services that fall in this information on hand(predicate) to the users.Now lets look at the male monarch and key features of nimble directory in windows server 2003Multiple selections of directory objects We potbelly change the roughhewn attributes of many users at the virtuoso time.Drag-and-drop operativeity You upright need to drag and drop the directory objects from one container to another(prenominal) in order to bleed themEfficient seem capabilities The object point searching facility provides efficient search minimizing the traffic on the network.Saved queries The alert directory queries nookie be saved, exported, reopened and refreshed, and the results of the attributed queries bottom of the inning as well be exported. progressive Directory command-line tools A depend of command line tools ar visible(prenominal) to manage the active directory. Those tools argon Ntdsutil, Dsget, Dsrm, Dsmod, Csvde, Dsadd, Dsquery, Dsmove and Ldifde. existence functional levels Active directorys athletic field wide features in your network can be enable using field of operations functional levels.Forest functional levels The Active directorys forest wide features in your network can overly be now enabled using forest functional levels.Secure A ll light Directory adit Protocol (LDAP) traffic  All Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) traffic is sign(a) and encrypted by Active directorys administrative tools, by default. It ensures that the data is not alter and that it is coming from the known source.Active directory quota With Active directory quota, the ownership of objects by a user, reckoner or group can be limited by assigning quotas. revolutionary Group Policy settings more than 200 group policy setting are included in windows server 2003s active directory.New Resultant bound Of Policy (RSoP) Wizard is included which enables you to run into the policies assigned to a specific user or computer.Folder redirection is also do very(prenominal) blowsy.Advanced options for software trigger are available, which makes installation process easy and administration effective.InetOrgPerson class has been added to enhance the security system and it can be used in the same way as the user class is used.Cross forest escort is also provided.The Software Restriction Policies that are included can identify casteless or hostile soft wares and because will not let them hunt down on the computer. But this requires that the system is each being run on Microsoft Windows XP victor or on a family phallus of Windows Server 2003.Domain controller renaming The country controllers, without demoting, can now be renamed with the active directory of windows server 2003.As well as the cranial orbit name can now also be renamed with this.In the kingdom hierarchy, the domains can be moved from one mending to another.The two way transitivity can now be extended by creating forest trust.The users access of one domain or forest can be allowed, disallowed or given selective access to another domain of forest.Unnecessary objects of the strategy can be deactivatedIn order to link the auxiliary classes to the objects on dynamical bases, extra support is provided.When the partial ascription set is exte nded , the resulted administrative actions take place at that time the correct global catalog replication is available for preserving global catalogs ground of synchronizationAll in all the active directory of Windows server 2003 provides a care of additional features which to facilitate the management, administration and work of resources in the network. The security additions are also very remarkable and a covey of flexibility is given to the administrator to disability and configure different parameters of the network. Other than this round work has also to improve the responsiveness of the network and to cater with the network traffic. tractableness for moving objects and domains, and for renaming them is also made easy .And with the new policies introduced the access of a user from one domain of forest to another can also be a controlled effectively. Providing these all functionalities and flexibilities to the networks administrators and mangers make their tasks of acces s controls, security, managing of objects etc very easy.ReferencesSpealman, Jill, & Hudson, Kurt (2004). Windows Server 2003 Active Directory Infrastructure. Redmond ,Washington Microsoft Press.Jones, forefather (2003). Windows Server 2003 Weekend Crash course. NewYork Wiley create Inc..