Clinical Genetic Disorder: Beta Thalassemia Essay -- Genetic Blood Dis

bathroom and his wife Mary decided that after 3 years of marriage it was time for them to bring a shaver into their life. rear and Mary lived on the coast of Italy, where the weather was always sunny and warm and the water not but a stone toss away. John and Mary decided that it was the right time, then, 9 months later they conceived a son, they named him Henry. During the first two years of Henrys life John and Mary notice abnormalities in Henrys development. Henry did not gain weight or grow as he was expected to. He also exhibited signs of weakness and fatigue. Henry had always been pale, and this alone was never enough to alarm suspicion but Henrys paleness started to shift to a more icteric tint, and along with these other signs raised enough suspicion to take Henry to the hospital. The doctor took blood from Henry to be tested. After the test result came patronize the doctor concluded that Henry had an enlarged spleen and liver. He was suffering from a hereditary diseas e called beta-thalassaemia.John and Mary in complete start questioned the doctor as to how their son suffered from a hereditary disease that neither of them suffered from. The doctor informed the grieving parents that both of them must be carriers of the mutated HBB gene. During the conception of Henry, John and Mary must have passed on the mutated recessive gene on thus with the presence of two mutated recessive HBB genes caused Henry to develop Beta-thalassemia. The doctor move to explain that the beta-thalassemia causes the beta-globin, a subunit of hemoglobin, to not be produced creating non-functional hemoglobin. Without sufficient hemoglobin, red blood cells do not develop properly, causing a shortage of suppurate red blood cells. This lack of red bl... ....MedicineNet, Beta Thalassemia (A Genetic Blood Disorder). Accessed January 27, 2014.http//www.virtualmedicalcentre.com/diseases/thalassaemia-mediterranean-anemia-cooley.Palit, Sarmi, Robiul Bhuiyan, Aklima Jannatul, Raj u Dash, and Talha Emran. Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy, A study of the prevalence of thalassemia and its correlation with liver function test in different age and sex group in the Chittagong district of Bangladesh . Last modified December 31, 2012. Accessed January 30, 2014. http//www.jbclinpharm.org/article.asp?issn=0976-0105year=2012volume=3issue=4spage=352epage=357aulast=Palit.Virtual Medical Centre, Thalassaemia (Mediterranean anemia Cooleys anemia). Last modified 11 2, 2008. Accessed January 27, 2014.http//www.virtualmedicalcentre.com/diseases/thalassaemia-mediterranean-anemia-cooleys-anemia/130

Edith Whartons The House Of Mi :: essays research papers

Lily Bart, the central character in Edith Wharton&8217s novel, The House of Mirth , was born into the fringes of lavishly partnership in late nineteenth century New York. She developed a, &8220lively taste for splendour(page 30) and a fear of, dinginess.(page 35). Everything within this social circle is measured in monetary value, people and things alike are treated as commodities. This is the only way of life Lily knows, and without the financial means to sustain herself, Lily is destined to be a victim of this commodification of people and objects. Victim is defined in the Oxford Concise Dictionary , as a, &8220person or thing harmed or destroyed in the hunting of an object or in gratification of a person. Commodifiaction is defined as &8220the action of turning something into, or treating something as a commodity and commodity is defined as, &8220an term of raw material that can be brought and sold.It was Mrs Bart who had raised Lily to value the finer things in life and fear the &8220dinginess(page 35) that she associated with those who did non have money, or those who did not choose to spend their money on luxury. When Mrs Bart died, she died, &8220 ......of a deep disgust. She had hated dinginess, and it was her fate to be dingy(page 35). But Lily&8217s mother alone is not solely to blame for this want, Lily says of her need for luxury,..I suppose (it was) -in the way I was brought up, and the things I was taught to care for. Or-no I won&8217t blame anybody for my faults I&8217ll say it was in my blood (page 226) Although Lily felt that she should not blame anyone else for her high tastes she does not blame herself. She uses the excuse that it was in her blood that her fate to live for splendour was predetermined. Lily therefore sees herself as victim, a victim because it was her fate. Mrs Barts parental guidance did help to shape Lily&8217s value for the extravagant. It was Mrs Bart who taught Lily to value her beauty. Lily was told by her mother, &8220after they had lost all their money (page 28) that Lily&8217s asset was her beauty. Mrs Bart saw the potential for trading Lily&8217s beauty for a rich husband, so they would have the means to sustain themselves in &8216high society&8217. Mrs Bart saw Lily&8217s beauty as

Field International Case Study :: Field International, Case Studies, business,

knowledge domain International is a large production company that operates for fifteen years. This company has three divisions Field Production, Field Music, and the new venture, Field Advertising. The chair and chairman of the board, Lawrence Field, has operated this business in a pooled interdependence fashion. Each division is directed freely by a vice president, and evaluated in the same independent basis. Recently, two study clients complained directly to Field about some production delays of the Advertising Division. Therefore Field decided to meet with his three vice presidents on a weekly luncheon so the two experienced vice presidents could contribute to the one that is having problems. In addition, he taught that this would be a good role to change the usual independent method of movement of each division to a new reciprocal interdependence form of operation where all gutter cooperate with each other. However this sudden change cause a negative reaction on hi s vice presidents, and Field had to drop this idea of change. Consequently, Field International is going through communications problem that could damage the growth of his company. First, Mr. Field tried to impose a radical change on the operation of the business without notifying to the vice presidents of each division. During long eon, the production vice president and the music vice president have worked in an independent basis and during this time they get used to it. So, when they get Mr. Durkeys memo they probably thought that now the authority that they used to have was been restricted without any reason. Also, they could feel offend by the sudden show of distrust of Mr. Field. After all, they had been working for long time for the company without having major problems. In the same way the new advertizing vice president was aware of this independent way of operation within the company. Thus, he also must felt professionally underestimated. In addition, the two majo r clients of the company do the mistake of going over his head which cause an immense indignation on him. In the same way Mr. Field made the mistake of exposing the advertising problems in front of the other two divisions without knowing the magnitude of the problem. All these complications contribute to the gloomy atmosphere of the conflict. Next, characteristics like the setting of the meeting and the personality of the employees also contribute to the development of the problem.

Influence of Russian Revolution on Western Civilization Essay -- essay

On the edge of XIX-XX centuries the capitalism of the free competition had turned into imperialism monopolitical capitalism (Hobsbawm, 1995, p.). The growing kind production and private capitalist appropriation of it, labour of anes and profit of others were the main processes owing to the exacerbation of working line and bourgeoisie. The political parties of social army had started to form. In some countries of Western Europe, the socialist movements had appeared, where wide strata of working class participated in left-wing parties and trends (Hobsbawm, 1995, p.). The trunk of imperialism as a whole, had ripen for social revolutions of the new geek proletariat. As a result of unequal distribution of wealth and social cataclysms of post-war periods paved the musical mode for breaking the chain of imperialism. Russia appeared to be that weak link in the chain of imperialism. The Russian Revolution influenced Western World to change, infecting working class to revolt globall y against imperialism, the crisis of colonialism had started. Russian Revolution of October 1917 was the child of the antagonism of classes in strange imperialism. It started in poorly ruled environment of tsarism, prepared by previous revolutions of 1905-6 (Hobsbawm, 1995, p.30). So mend was Russia for social revolution that masses treated the fall of Tsar as a proclamation of universal freedom, equality and direct democracy. The uncontrolled masses alter into Bolshevik power (Hobsbawm, 1995, p.36). Many political parties had arose, however, not many of them knew how to rule the huge country. As country mainly was agrarian with more than eighty per-cent of peasants, who were hungry, landless and tired of the endless wars, Bolsheviks who represente... ...cial governmental expenses increase, pension provision and disease insurance are present in todays life and seem so obvious and obligatory mostly were influenced by the tensions of the working class in Europe and especially Ru ssia in the XX century. In Russian revolution, communism appeared as the constructed of a better alternative to capitalist baseball club, ironically in gave the roots to the socio-capitalistic structure of XXI century, which combines both ideologies of capitalism and socialism under one wing. History of the XX century cannot be understood without flavour at Russian Revolution, whose influence brought important effects on present rights and freedoms of every mortal in the social structure of todays society (Hobsbawm, 1995, p.84).ReferenceHobsbawm, E. (1995). Age of Extremes The Short Twentieth Century, 1914-1991. Abacus, 1995. Influence of Russian Revolution on Western Civilization Essay -- essayOn the edge of XIX-XX centuries the capitalism of the free competition had turned into imperialism monopolitical capitalism (Hobsbawm, 1995, p.). The growing social production and private capitalist appropriation of it, labour of ones and profit of others were the main p rocesses owing to the aggravation of working class and bourgeoisie. The political parties of social army had started to form. In many countries of Western Europe, the socialist movements had appeared, where wide strata of working class participated in left-wing parties and trends (Hobsbawm, 1995, p.). The system of imperialism as a whole, had ripen for social revolutions of the new type proletariat. As a result of unequal distribution of wealth and social cataclysms of post-war periods paved the way for breaking the chain of imperialism. Russia appeared to be that weak link in the chain of imperialism. The Russian Revolution influenced Western World to change, infecting working class to revolt globally against imperialism, the crisis of colonialism had started. Russian Revolution of October 1917 was the child of the antagonism of classes in contradictory imperialism. It started in poorly ruled environment of Tsarism, prepared by previous revolutions of 1905-6 (Hobsbawm, 1995, p.30) . So ready was Russia for social revolution that masses treated the fall of Tsar as a proclamation of universal freedom, equality and direct democracy. The uncontrolled masses transformed into Bolshevik power (Hobsbawm, 1995, p.36). Many political parties had arose, however, not many of them knew how to rule the huge country. As country mainly was agrarian with more than eighty per-cent of peasants, who were hungry, landless and tired of the endless wars, Bolsheviks who represente... ...cial governmental expenses increase, pension provision and illness insurance are present in todays life and seem so obvious and obligatory mostly were influenced by the tensions of the working class in Europe and especially Russia in the XX century. In Russian revolution, communism appeared as the constructed of a better alternative to capitalist society, ironically in gave the roots to the socio-capitalistic structure of XXI century, which combines both ideologies of capitalism and socialism under one wing. History of the XX century cannot be understood without looking at Russian Revolution, whose influence brought important effects on present rights and freedoms of every individual in the social structure of todays society (Hobsbawm, 1995, p.84).ReferenceHobsbawm, E. (1995). Age of Extremes The Short Twentieth Century, 1914-1991. Abacus, 1995.

Deconstruction in Architecture Essay -- Architects Architecture Physic

Deconstruction in Architecture Deconstruction is first scramed by the French philosopher Jacques Derrida. The definition for deconstruction is not easy to understand, and Derrida and his interpreters actually intend it to be difficult. It was first meant a method of interpretation and analysis of a text or a speech. He introduced the thought of deconstruction in connection with his linguistic philosophy and grammatology. When deconstruct a text or a speech, it is to draw out conflicting logics of sense and implication, with the design of showing that the text never exactly means what it ways or says what it means . Though, it has been applied not only to text but also to the opthalmic arts and architecture.The approach of deconstruction in architecture is to get architects to think of things in a new way, to view architecture in bits and pieces. Also to develop buildings which show how differently from traditional architectural conventions buildings can be built without loosing their utility and still complying with the innate laws of physics. Especially in 1988, when deconstruction was first promoted in architecture. Different architects of different places seemed to be placing buildings and bits of buildings at odd angles so that they clashed and even penetrated each other. The geometry in these architectures had been set up, but has at least one overlaid and clashed with the other. Also, in that respect are many different kinds of clashes such as clashes in historic and modern, clashes in plan, clashes in section or elevation, clashes in three dimensions, clashes in grids and clashes in angles.Deconstructionist architecture must start from deconstruct the construction at first, with a name indicates its schemes, its intuition and its concepts, or its rhetoric. Deconstruction also contains an insight of fundamental importance for the historians conception of what he or she is doing. It uses theory to understand history, and history to understand the th eory to construct a more perceptive view of the cultural and social. As deconstructs a structure, it strictly meets the terms of architectural construction and the philosophical construction of the concept of architecture. Therefore, deconstruction is understood to be un-problematically architectural, as it combines with the idea of the system in philosophy, and theory, also the practice and logic ... ...re of architecture. The fundamental idea of architecture consists of primary forms such as cubes, cones, cylinders, and cetera. Although, deconstructionist architecture make clear to the observer that the architecture is an art and not just an engineering discipline, and it is a representation of a material that represent of abstract data. Although deconstructionist architecture does not succeed in the nature of architecture, however, deconstruction is philosophical in the sense that it deploys a distinctive mode of argument in raising definite problem about knowledge, meaning and representation. My opinion on deconstruction is that some of the architecture can be really beautiful but others can be strange.BibliographyP C. Andreas, Reconstruction Deconstruction, Academy Group LTD, 1989, USAP H. Kevin, Trespass of the sign deconstruction, theology and philosophy, P N. Christopher & B. Andrew, What is Deconstruction, Academy Editions LTD, 1996, USAP S. Bronwyn, Contemporary sermon in Interior Architecture and Design V Unit Reader 2002, Monash University, 2002, MelbourneP W. Mark, The Architecture of Deconstruction, MIT Press, 1993, USA

Deconstruction in Architecture Essay -- Architects Architecture Physic

Deconstruction in Architecture Deconstruction is root developed by the French philosopher Jacques Derrida. The definition for deconstruction is not easy to understand, and Derrida and his interpreters actually intend it to be difficult. It was first meant a method of interpretation and analysis of a text or a speech. He introduced the concept of deconstruction in connection with his linguistic philosophy and grammatology. When deconstruct a text or a speech, it is to draw out conflicting logics of sense impression and implication, with the object of showing that the text never exactly means what it ways or says what it means . Though, it has been applied not only to text but likewise to the visual arts and architecture.The approach of deconstruction in architecture is to get architects to think of things in a new way, to view architecture in bits and pieces. withal to develop buildings which show how differently from traditional architectural conventions buildings can be built without loosing their utility and still complying with the fundamental laws of physics. Especially in 1988, when deconstruction was first promoted in architecture. Different architects of different places seemed to be placing buildings and bits of buildings at odd angles so that they clashed and even penetrated each other. The geometry in these architectures had been set up, but has at least angiotensin-converting enzyme overlaid and clashed with the other. Also, there are many different kinds of clashes such as clashes in historic and modern, clashes in plan, clashes in section or elevation, clashes in three dimensions, clashes in grids and clashes in angles.Deconstructionist architecture must start from deconstruct the construction at first, with a name indicates its schemes, its intuition and its concepts, or its rhetoric. Deconstruction also contains an sagacity of fundamental importance for the historians conception of what he or she is doing. It uses theory to understand hi story, and history to understand the theory to construct a more(prenominal) perceptive view of the cultural and social. As deconstructs a structure, it strictly meets the terms of architectural construction and the philosophical construction of the concept of architecture. Therefore, deconstruction is understood to be un-problematically architectural, as it combines with the idea of the system in philosophy, and theory, also the practice and logic ... ...re of architecture. The fundamental idea of architecture consists of primary forms such as cubes, cones, cylinders, and cetera. Although, deconstructionist architecture made clear to the observer that the architecture is an art and not just an engineering discipline, and it is a representation of a material that represent of abstract data. Although deconstructionist architecture does not succeed in the nature of architecture, however, deconstruction is philosophical in the sense that it deploys a distinctive mode of argument in f ace lifting certain problem about knowledge, meaning and representation. My opinion on deconstruction is that some of the architecture can be really beautiful but others can be strange.BibliographyP C. Andreas, Reconstruction Deconstruction, Academy Group LTD, 1989, USAP H. Kevin, Trespass of the sign deconstruction, theology and philosophy, P N. Christopher & B. Andrew, What is Deconstruction, Academy Editions LTD, 1996, USAP S. Bronwyn, coetaneous Discourse in Interior Architecture and Design V Unit Reader 2002, Monash University, 2002, MelbourneP W. Mark, The Architecture of Deconstruction, MIT Press, 1993, USA

The Biological Importance of Water

The Biological Importance of Water for Living Organisms Water is made up of two elements, 2 positively aerated hydrogen jots and one negatively aerated oxygen iota. Water molecules have uneven charge distribution as one end of the molecule is slightly positive and the other slightly negative, this is c eached polar. Ionic substances much(prenominal) as sodium chloride dissolve easily in piddle system because the positively and negatively charged ions are separated due to the dipole character of weewee system. As water is dipolar, the positively charged atoms of one water molecule attracted the negatively charged molecule of another water molecule.This is called hydrogen bonding. The hydrogen bonding amongst each molecule results in water being liquid at room temperature as it takes a lot of energy to turn it into gas due to its juicy heat capacity. Hydrogen bonding makes water extremely cohesive. Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same type (e. g two water mol ecules). Water is very cohesive due to the dipolar nature of the molecule. Cohesion helps the water to flow which is essential in its transportation and enables substances to be easily dissolve and transported.Waters dipole nature too makes it a good solvent. A lot of substances which take part in biological reactions are ionic, which means they are either made of one positively charged atom or molecule, or one negatively charged atom or molecule. As water is dipole, it means that the positively charged hydrogens go forth be attracted to the negative atoms or molecules, and the negatively charged oxygen will be attracted to the positively charged atoms or molecules, resulting in ions being totally surrounded by water molecules.In other words, the atoms or molecules will be dissolved by the water. Water is important to living organisms because its molecules can move freely enabling chemical reactions to occur easily in solution. For example, seminal fluid is by and large water whi ch enables fertilisation to occur easily and allows sperm to swim towards the egg. Hydrophilic substances (water loving substances) such as glucose and amino acids dissolve easily due to the nature of their polarity of their charged groups (-OH for sugars, -NH? and COOH for amino acids). As hydrophilic ubstances such as glucose can dissolve in water, it is beneficial for plants as they take up minerals and substances in solution. Furthermore, oxygen is a component of water which also allows organisms to respire in water. Blood Plasma is the main component of blood. Plasma is made of 90% water which enables blood to carry its essential nutrients such as glucose and amino acids as well as respiratory gasses. As respiratory gasses are able to run through blood plasma, it allows essential processes to take place such as respiration.The plasma also carries other materials such as platelets which allow clotting, this is helped to be transported by the plasmas composition of 90% water. Wa ters high specific heat capacity allows it act as a buffer. This is essential in endothermic organisms that need to oppose a constant body temperature in order to optimise enzyme activity and regulate its metabolism. The large number of hydrogen bonding makes it difficult for the water molecules to evaporate. When water molecules do evaporate, an exothermic reaction takes place which acts as a cooling mechanism.Water is able to remain a liquid over a large bridge circuit of temperatures which is essential for metabolism and aquatic organisms. It is beneficial for aquatic organisms who are cold blooded as some may not be able to take for their body temperature. It is beneficial as there is a minimal temperature fluctuation which keeps organisms body temperature constant. tutelage a constant temperature is important. In order for living organisms such as enzymes to keep functioning at their best, water needs to be kept a constant temperature to keep the enzymes working at their op timum temperature and part them from denaturing.Furthermore, water also provides internal support for many living organisms. For example, water fills up in the cells of plants to stop them going flaccid as apposed to their turgid structure. Keeping the cells turgid keeps the plant upright which also benefits the plant when it comes to catching as much light as possible when photosynthesising. Water can also be taken in through the xylem of a plant in a continuous column which is also a benefit for photosynthesis. In addition to that, water also provides internal support for mammals whose fetuses are surrounded in amniotic fluid.This will not only provide protection for the fetus but also allow minerals to pass in and out of the fluid via osmosis. As well as internal support, water also provides external support. Water has a high surface tension which allows some organisms to stay afloat. An example of an organism which uses this to its advantage is a pond skater. They use the high surface tension to walk/ travel along the waters surface, as there is a high tension, it prevents it from sinking. Furthermore, a high surface tension allows ice caps to stay afloat which provides insulation for aquatic organisms underneath.Another reason for why ice caps stay afloat is that water is less dense when frozen. This means that the ice caps do not fall through into the water as it is less dense so it remains on the waters surface. Water is also essential for many chemical reactions such as photosynthesis and hydrolysis. In photosynthesis, water is transparent which allows light to penetrate through to the chlorophyll to absorb as much sunlight as it can. It also allows water to absorbed up the xylem in a constant column which also aids photosynthesis.During hydrolysis, water breaks certain polymers which helps to break up salts when they are being dissolved. Water also provides lubrication to swot as it makes up synovial fluids in bone joints and the pleural fluid which surrounds the lungs. Lastly, water also has a significance in the food chain. Producers which are mainly made up of water such as lettuce and leaves are relied on to provide water for consumers. Water has a huge biological importance for all living organisms as it is the building blocks to each individual organism. Without water, there may not even be the life forms we see on this earth today.

Berkeley, California and Terre Haute, Indiana:

Water is a real important resource to all living creatures on earth. It plays a very special role in the worlds climate cycle (The World Weather Project 2010, 1997). As such, studying the water cycle and researching how to write it sustainable and always available is very essential in every society. For instance, it is relevant to know how the behavior of water cycle in certain side in order to grow crops and plants more efficiently.Water balance is the study which deals with the water cycles. Every place has a different water balance level, and as such, it is mensural differently for every location since terra firma composition, climate and sources of water is different in every location. Water balance has many components including precipitation, potential and actual precipitation, soil water storage, deficit and surplus (Ritter, 2006).These values are computed to create a water budget for a certain location. This paper considers the comparison of two locations for the thought the difference of water budget between the two places. For the purpose of this paper, hypothetical data had been provided for the two locations. These locations are Berkeley, California and Terre Haute, Indiana.

Article Review Lyme Disease Essay

The World Health Organization defines Health education as whatever combination of learning experiences designed to help individuals and communities improve their wellness, by increasing their knowledge or influencing their attitudes (WHO, 2012, p. 2). The best weapon in preventing a malady volcanic eruption is community action and education. Articles are published to provide valuable information regarding past and present disease trends. The following paper summarizes three articles regarding the prevalence of Lyme disease, its nitty-gritty on the people, and the community health response.Lyme disease & HistoryLyme disease is a bacterial infection carried by black-legged ticks, commonly referred to as deer ticks. At every stage in their lives the deer ticks will latch onto and feed from a human and therefore transmit the disease to their host. Some symptoms are often unremarked or ignored, but if diagnosed early it is easily cured. Lyme disease was freshman noted as a dermatolog ic lesion in humans in the late 1800s in a Scandinavian medical journal. The Lyme arthritis outbreak in Old Lyme, Connecticut that put Lyme disease on the cover of Time Magazine occurred in 1975. The first cases of canine Lyme were recognized in the 1980s (Piesman, 2012, 30).Community EffectsMore cases of Lyme disease are reported than any other vector-borne disease in the linked States. There were 29,959 confirmed cases and 8509 probable cases of Lyme disease in the United States in 2009 (CDC, 2012, p. 1) Once Lyme disease was primarily diagnosed around the Mid-Atlantic and New England states however, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) is concerned, because it is now endemic (prevalent) in the Northeast and much of the North Central United States including Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, and Pennsylvania (Smith, 2011, p. 1).Community ResponseResearch on Lyme disease has been initiated by local and state governments or provided for by funding from the U.S. Department of Public Heal th and Human Services (HHS). The research includes aspects of the potential control of the dust of the disease including prevention, detection, treatment, and vaccine development. Even though a plethora of research exists, the community is slow to adopt many of the safe practices on a macro instruction scale. Home owners are reluctant to spend personal income on tick abatement products even in highly endemic areas.ConclusionThese articles relate to the evolution concern for the endemic levels of the occurrence of Lyme disease and the community response. Although treatable the best course of action is to influence the attitudes of the community by developing a partnership surrounded by the community and public health initiatives. The CDC hopes through community health education and the adoption of preventative measures the prevalence of Lyme disease will be significantly reduced.ReferencesCDC. (2012). Its spring Time to prevent Lyme disease. Retrieved from Centers for Disease Con trol (CDC) http//www.cdc.gov/Features/LymeDisease/. Piesman, J. (2012). Prevention of tick-borne diseases. Journal Of Environmental Health, 74(10), 30. Smith, P. (2011). Lyme disease appears on the rise. Retrieved from The Seattle Times Health Section http//seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/health/2014752683_lyme14.html. World Health Organization. (2011). Retrieved April 24, 2011, from Health Education http//www.who.int/topics/health_education/en/. Content60

Critical Issue Analysis

University of Phoenix Material vital Issue Analysis After course session the selected censorious issue, use the following questions to analyze the issue. Issue 3 Is Psychological Debriefing a Harmful Intervention for Survivors of Trauma? 1. What are at least two facts presented by each side of the critical issue? Devilly & Cotton who represent the con side of the agreement present many different facts. devil that stand out is that psychological debrief . . . more of a moral maintenance intervention qua gesture of employer sustain, rather than a clinical intervention influencing tribulation and clinical symptomatolgy. Halgin, 2009, p. 68. ) Devilliy & Cotton also point to the fact it is a companys way to protect again unwanted litigation. By providing employees with psychological query it keeps them from later having an employee suing the company for damages from the traumatic event. Mitchell points out that crisis intervention is a support system for those who have suffered trauma. Also note that for a fact that small Incident Stress Management . . . program includes many tactics and techniques, but it is not limited to. . . Crisis sound judgment service and strategic planning programs Family support services Individual, peer-provided crisis intervention services. Pre-crisis education programs Large group crisis interventions The provision of food and fluids to work crews Rotation and resting of work crews Advice to command staff and supervisors Small group crisis interventions Follow up services and referral services Post-crisis education And many other services. (Halgin, 2009, p. 77). 2. What are at least two opinions presented by each side of the critical issue? get a line 1.They claim that During times of organizational upheaval and personal and interpersonal crisis, organization frequently access the services of psychologist to help mitigate the long-term consequences of these occurrences. Halgin, 2009, p. 61) 2. The claim that CISD and CISM may be one in the same or may or may not have a definite procedure detailing it. . These appear to be just claims and there is no evidence supporting the claims. Pro 1. That Mitchell claims CISM to be psychological question, but then state crisis intervention is a support service, not psychotherapy or a substitute for psychotherapy. (Halgin, 2009, p. 78). This claim to me states it is not psychological question. 2. Mitchells opinion that . . . negative outcome studies represent a mishmash of different types of intervention which do not equate the actual CISD but which loosely use the terminology CISD. (p. 81). This shapems like a personal opinion in that it the CISD did not work due to the ones using it not following the proper protocol. I would like to see how these other programs that did not work which he calls mingle-mangle to see if they did use it correctly or if he was maybe offended by it not working. 3.What are some of the strengths associated with the Pro side of the issue? What are some of the weaknesses? Mitchell strengths would be that he seems to be the leader in the Critical Incident Stress Debriefing, as he first wrote about it in 1983. (Halgin, 2009, p. 78). Mitchells response to Davilly & Cotton is what their weakness was. They response to their statements, rather than spend the time to show how critical Incident stress debriefing or critical possibility stress management works in practice. I think that would have been a better response to Davilly & Cotton, so layout how it works, show examples and give some shew study data. . What are some of the strengths associated with the Con side of the issue? What are some of the weaknesses? I believe the strength of Davilly and & Cotton was that they took the time to define and test to show the differences between Critical Incident Stress Debriefing and Critical Incident Stress Management. As well as defining what psychology debriefing entails. Their weakness would be it was how to evince, i t did not flow easy for the readers and somewhat confusing. Also another weakness which was pointed out by Mitchell was that they did not seem to do oftentimes deep query for other papers written on the topic. 5.How credible were the authors of each argument? Explain your answer. Davilly & Cotton when to detail on what psychological debriefing was and how there are many different forms of it with Critical Incident Stress Debriefing and Critical Incident Stress Management. Also how these two really mixed bag of play debate in hand and might be the same thing. Therefore it is hard to tell the difference between the two. They tried to break muckle how these two systems work and the outcomes of such programs. Mitchell was credible in from the first paragraph notes that In 1983 I wrote the first article ever written on Critical Incident Stress Debriefing. . (Halgin, 2009, p. 78). Uses the programs during an event rather than after. 6. Based on the statements presented in this criti cal issue, which author do you agree with? Why? While both sides had cover evidence supporting their claims I think I would have to agree with Davilly & Cotton. But can see how both work so I do not think one is better than the other. They provided more studies and data in comparison to Mitchell who just mentioned them. I might be swayed the other way if I went and did my own research.Also Mitchell noted that they call it Crisis intervention is a support service, not psychotherapy or substitute for psychotherapy. (Halgin, 2009, p. 78) That sentence literally stuck with me while I read the rest of their response to Davilly and Cotton. With that statement to me it does not seem that are really using psychological debriefing. I feel that Mitchell is using a type of assessment to see who then needs to move forward with psychology debriefing. Also that critical incident stress management is a process which is used doing an on-going traumatic event such as natural disaster.Without doin g my own research on the matter on the article he mentioned I cannot say he clearly defended themselves. With Mitchells claims on critical incident stress management provides help during an traumatic event could be helpful, but I would like to see more studies on how it has worked or hasnt. Therefore I side with Davilly and Cotton more than Mitchell. While I do not feel psychological debriefing would work for everyone I am interested in the topic and feel more research is need to learn more about it. 7.Which side of this critical issue does contemporary research support? Please provide specific examples in your response. In my personal opinion I would think that contemporary research would support Mitchells claim that psychological debriefing is indeed a good thing. I think this to be true because of the being on hand during the event to help those who are facing the experience firsthand and how it will relay to the aftermath and how and if treatment is provide for those victims and first responders after wards.

An Overview Of The Spartan History History Essay

Sparta has long been an kindle gild to people in moderne times and to those populating when Sparta was a dominate power in Greece. Their hunting lodge, Torahs and legions art made those approximately them uncomfortable, interested and surfacer periodd. Some Hellenic nations saw Sparta as an ideal residential district and new(prenominal)s saw it as a baleful line. Sparta man advanced to accomplish great power in Greece under the Torahs of Lycurgus and their ability to implement them in every item of wicked life. There are several factors that helped do it possible save Sparta managed to accomplish an equal confederation establish on their citizen s trueness to the province. The preparation of manful some one serious citizens was a rough overmaster that transformed priapic childs into s grey-headediers who were incarnations of bravery, virtuousness, and obeisance. 1 All facets of ascetic recital led to its success and power in Greece but their state of war ma chine might was the centre of their authorization. Everything from the fables of their ascendants, to the enforcement and credence of Lycurgus Torahs, to their military laterality gave Sparta the ideal conjunction of domination and prestigiousness. Sparta was wholly al angiotensin converting enzyme from all otherwise provinces in Greece during its cut back. knockout history began long before the initiation of Sparta as a urban center. They based their heritage moody of a fable that said they were dead persons of Hercules. The fable states that their first leaders were the great grandsons of Hercules, who had been forced to go forth Laconia and assemblek safety. The inheritors were determined to take back what belonged to them and they sought-after(a) advice from the prophet of Delphi. They asked the prophet if they could retrieve the lands that truly belonged to them. The prophet told them they would be able to rec all over their lands after three crops. In clip, the Heraclid s found that three crops meant three coevalss, non three seasons and they settled overcome and sojourned for that twenty-four hours to come. The clip finally came and Hercules descendants became masters. by and bywards, the Peloponnesus was split betwixt the unexampled leaders. Twin brothers, Procles and Eurysthenes, received Laconia and at that place they began the society that would go one of the most powerful Grecian provinces of its clip. The narrative was passed raze by coevalss and gave them claim to their descent and redressful topographic point in Greece. This claim justified their coup detat of Grecian parts and people. It eachway gave them the belief that they were kinsperson to the Gods and their Godhead power. Through divulge Spartan history, it is easy to see that they relied to a great extent on their beliefs and in their faith. These ideas are even reflected in the fable of their decent. The story contributed to the Spartan attitude of power and justificat ion for their high quality.There is non much information on early Sparta and what small in that respect is historiographers speculate about. The paperss that are open can non be seen as wholly dependable nevertheless, it is known that Sparta did non get down as a dominate province in Greece but became one because they believed district in Laconia was truly theirs. In the beginning, the Spartans or Dorian s were originally thought to be pastoral people that invaded Laconia. It is of import to cognize that although they were herders in a sense, they were non unagitated, docile people. The mobile Spartans should be thought of as sprain forces that had blood feuds, king of beasts Hunts, lodger wars and stole crowing fe potents. 2 These act forces took over Laconia, led by the duplicate phallic monarchs. The colony of the herder established Sparta as a metropolis state. This guess adheres to the fables of Spartan history. Whether this narrative was believed for justification int ents or because it was the honest belief of the citizens is ill-defined.Early on in Greece, Athens and some(prenominal) of the other Grecian provinces started to spread out their districts in contrasted lands to supply surplusage infinite and resources for their citizens. Sparta did non take the same position as the other Grecian opposite numbers game alternatively, they decided to take over the land of their neighbours. In the eighth century, the Spartans began their quest to occupy Messenia and take its citizens as slaves. Unfortunately, the Argos, a Messenian ally stopped the Spartans from occupying this land until the Argives were pulled into the Lelantine War and Messenia was no longer protected by its ally. For the following some old ages the Spartans harassed the Messenians, neer engaging war on them but stealing their wholesome, taking what they could and doing mayhem wherever they saw an chance. They did non confound harm to the country because they believed it belo ng to them and did non desire to harm what was theirs. The Messenians ref apply to contend, which aggravated the Spartans and made them believe about abandoning their attempts. Finally, the Spartans returned place, simply to be lead on another expedition.In clip, the war began and although there is small know about the war itself, scholars believe it was peculiarly barbarous affair. During this war it seems that the Spartan military mentality was already present, the Spartans fought in a check mode, and the Messenians charged bustly and recklessly. 3 Despite the subject of the Spartans, they were non able to win the conflict. However, the Messenians were going desperate for supplies and they were losing their population to the Spartans. Finally the Messenians were unable to defy the Spartans and became capable to their metropolis. This first conflict proved that the Spartans were superior combatants and began a tendency that would take them to going a military force to be fear ed.The Messenians were now slaves to the Spartans. However, they did non bury their freedom and 39 old ages subsequently rose up in a 2nd war to free themselves. This war was more hard for Sparta than the first had been. They were about defeated by the grandsons of the work forces they had one time conquered. The blue bloods of Sparta were defeated and suffered great causalities. The Spartans feeling defeated were ready to stop the war nevertheless, the Spartan male monarchs called for non-aristocratic males to take a hoplite ground forces and pushed on with the war. A general named Tyrtaeus began to present new constructs into the Spartan ground forces including award, subject, manhood and citizenship. He told the new ground forces that they were a new air of aristocracy based off these qualities, non on land or wealth. In the interim, the Messenian Alliess were pulled into a war with the Peloponnesian powers and were no longer able to help Messenia. erstwhile once more, the M essenians were no longer protected by their Alliess and knew they did non stand a opportunity against the new Spartan hoplite ground forces. They finally fell and were subjected to Spartan control.The blink of an eye Messenian war caused effects that would alter their society everlastingly. The formation of the citizen ground forces caused great internal discord. After the war, the new Spartan ground forces had created a displacement in the balance of power. The blue bloods wanted to go on with the old societal categories but the new hoplites demanded political grants. The new hoplites were in the place to demand such things and the Spartan male monarchs knew something had to be done. The male monarchs were soldiers and blue bloods and were baffle into a alone place to compromise with both sides. They to a fault knew that if they wanted to keep their places they had to do certain that their society was non ripped apart.At this point in history, Sparta introduced policies that be gan its transmutation to the polis that is celebrated today. Lycurgus the lawmaker was thought to be connected to the Eurypontid royal line, therefore liable(predicate) linking him with queen mole rat Charillos and had go awayed around the Grecian universe detecting other societies. 4 He imagined making a society of the best citizens without green-eyed monster and inequalities. He was range in charge of reforming Sparta by the ii male monarchs after the Messenian Wars. He began to implement and make Torahs for Sparta. These Torahs were forbidden to be written down but were passed down from coevalss to the following. Lycurgus diversityd the societal, political and house ask life of every Spartan. No other Grecian metropolis had dared to alter their society so drastically. There was a entire change in the flair the citizens lived their lives, how their political relations were run and the impairment of the family system. Without Lycurgus Torahs, Sparta would non mince goin g the society that captured the attending of so many people around them. The Torahs were unforgettable and odd its permanent feeling on the universe.Lycurgus began this transmutation by composing a fundamental law for Sparta called the Rhetra and took it to the prophet of Delphi for consent. Once it was permitted he brought it to the citizens of Sparta. It was spare that this papers established the people s rights and avowal of their sovereignty. 5 There were new signifiers of authorities, and some of the old signifiers were kept in topographic point. The two male monarchs would go on to moderate power but it was limited to war and faith. They were still considered male monarchs but Sparta would non be capable to a dual-monarch any longer. The double kingship could be traced back in their fable of the laminitiss of Sparta. The double kingship was alone to Sparta but was of great benefit for many grounds. Without the constitution of two male monarchs, Sparta would non hold achie ved the power it did. The two male monarchs held a alone place in society which led to the execution of new Torahs and the credence of a alteration in society. When one of the male monarchs died, a new one would be appointed. After the new male monarch was appointed, it was tradition for him to put free any crowing male of the Spartans who was a de indorsementor to the male monarch or to the province 6 The double male monarchs would so go on their reign and the rhythm would finally reiterate itself.The male monarchs shared a place on the Council of Elders with 28 other work forces over the age of 60. These work forces came from baronial birth and were expect to assist do determinations for society. The 3rd signifier of authorities was the congregation, which was made of all Spartan work forces over the age of 30. The assembly was the most unresolved signifier of authorities. This subdivision helped do the citizens feel that they were equal and had a say in the political relatio ns of Sparta. The ephorate made up the concluding subdivision of authorities. These work forces were elected yearly and had to subject for reappraisal after their term was finished. There were a sum of five ephors. In the beginning, the ephors were supposed to move as trustees for the male monarchs when they were at war, but they bit by bit became the voice of the people. In the 6th century, an ephor named Chilon was elected and he would press the ephors to go peers to the male monarchs. This alteration did go on and it altered the foreign policy of Sparta. They besides held great influence over the male monarchs. They made sure that the double male monarchs did non keep scores, had the right to talk for the damos at the assembly and all right citizens that had committed incorrect behaviors. Besides, during a clip of war, two of the ephors would attach to the male monarchs to conflict. The ephorate had control over the day-to-day personal businesss of the authorities and were seen a s the representatives of the people. The ephors were important in equilibrating the power of the authorities. Having the resistent subdivisions of authorities gave society stableness. If these subdivisions had non been implemented Sparta may non hold become such a booming society. The subdivisions were able to realise into and equilibrate each other while doing the citizens feel they were on equal footings with all other citizens.Spartan society was besides divided into groups harmonizing to their birth. The first category was made of full Spartan citizens. They were given full rights under authorities, given land one time they became of age, and their kids were eligible for Spartan citizenship. Spartan work forces became professional soldiers and Spartan adult females became female nourishs of soldiers. It was pass by in Sparta, that the responsibilities of the citizens were towards the province. Everything each member did was to assist the province win as a military power. Th is is expressed in a narrative about an exiled Spartan that was speaking to the Persians during the Persian War. When the Persians asked the adult male to explicate Sparta, he replied that Spartans feared merely the jurisprudence. 7 The Torahs of Lycurgus were followed by every citizen and were passed through each new set of Spartan soldiers and female parents. Society support the ideal citizen, it is best expressed by saying that theoretical account Spartans did non issue their households they loved the State. 8 In other Grecian metropoliss of this clip, personal addition amongst the blue bloods was a outstanding characteristic of society. The categories were non treated the same in any manner. higher(prenominal) and lower born(p) citizens were capable to different Torahs and were divided politically, the latter non holding any rights at all. These citizens did non hold every facet of their life dedicated to the province and went into professions based on their households. The devotedness to the province was the most of import characteristic of Spartan society. If each member of society had non taken it as their right, Sparta would most unquestionably non hold achieved such unbelievable power.The male population was forced into an instruction that was based off military preparation get downing at age 7. The male childs lived, Ate and slept in normal houses. They were teach at a immature age to go physically and mentally obedient. They had two responsibilities that they were being trained to carry through, going soldiers and to reproduce. Spartan male childs had to be ferocious warriors and were taught that award was greater than life itself. Xenophon stated that an honest decease is preferred to a disreputable life. 9 Unlike the remainder of Greece, the province supported the male child s instruction and single parents had no say in how their boies would be educated. The male childs were besides taught to be tough from their military preparatio n. They were given really basic vesture demands, merely one adventitia a twelvemonth, little rations of nutrient and their beds were made out of reeds that were picked from manus. The male childs were besides encouraged to steal nutrient. If caught, the male child would be punished for non being furtive hole. This military preparation managed to bring forth the fiercest warriors in all of Greece. During the Persian War Sparta showed its force out and award of its soldiers. King Xerxes was able to see Sparta as a combat machine strong plenty, adept plenty and sufficiently iron-willed to drive his hosts from the effort to integrate the mainland Greeks into Persia. 10 Spartan soldiers made the military machine run. The province gained its prestigiousness on the repute of the armed forces. The soldiers were responsible for the power, without it Sparta would non hold been seen as the absorbing topographic point we know today.At age 20, Spartan boys endured several alterations. At thi s clip the male childs were required to fall in a nine. If he was non admitted into a nine he was non eligible to go a full Spartan citizen. He besides became active in the military and was encouraged to take a married woman. Unlike many of the other Grecian provinces, the Spartan young person was able to pass clip together during festivals and exercising. They most likely had the luxury of cognizing their partner before their nuptials twenty-four hours. Those work forces who were known to be unmarried mans were dishonored. They were non allowed to watch the other young person s exercising, take part in spiritual festivals and felt the shame from non reproducing. In a society that valued reproduction and considered it to be a precedence, it is non surprising. other facet in Spartan society was homosexualism. The Spartan work forces were encouraged throughout their lives to organize sexual bonds with other work forces. Harmonizing to Xenaphon, Lycurgus encouraged association in th e midst of adult male and male child. 11 In their young person, the male childs were frequently expected to take older male lovers and society encouraged these relationships. It may hold been seen as acceptable so that the work forces formed close bonds to each other and would contend harder to protect those around them. In add-on, it would non be surprising for those relationships to organize because the work forces spent more clip with their chap soldiers than their married womans, parents and kids.In contrast, Spartan adult females enjoyed a great trade of freedom, specially compared to their opposite numbers throughout Greece. Relatively talking, they even had more freedom than their male parents, brothers and hubbies. The females besides began their instruction at the age of 7 but it was non aimed at military cognition. Alternatively, they were taught to go ideal female parents for Spartan soldiers. Although they did non receive military preparation, they were expected to ta ke part in physical activities and athleticss. The Spartans believed if their misss were encouraged to prosecute in physical action their organic structures would bring forth strong kids. Some pictures even reveal misss and male childs disputing each other in athletics. one picture depicts youths on an unfastened grassy field, four lightly clothed immature adult females confront a group of bare immature work forces, who feel cast off their fundamental garments. 12 The adult females were permitted to sing, dance and take part in festivals frequently demoing their executions in one of the countries. There are besides artifacts that convince modern bookmans that Spartan adult females were involved in equestrian athleticss including, siting Equus caballuss and chariots. On top of artefacts, some of the Spartan Queens had names or monikers with equestrian significances. It is clear that adult females were involved in an array of featuring activities.There is besides grounds that th ey were taught to read and compose. The authors during this clip reference adult females being able to read or deducing it in some manner. The Spartan adult females were besides said to hold been encouraged to voice their ideas and sentiments. There is a narrative that Gorgo, a queen of Sparta was encouraged by her male parent to talk her head. Herodotus explains that she advised her male parent non trust Aristagoras and Kleomenes and he followed her advice. 13 It is evident that adult females in Sparta were far from the silent type. This would be a immense contrast to the remainder of the Grecian adult females who were deliberately hidden from society and were expected to be seen and non heard. Spartan adult females were non expected to get married until they reached maturity which was much subsequently so other adult females in Greece. This gave them plentifulness of clip to concentrate on their instruction and go ideal Spartan female parents. It is sensible to believe that the y were able to go comparatively educated, which would help to being seen as an anomalousness in Greece.Between age 18 and 20, like the male childs, the misss were expected to get married and get down bring forthing kids. The matrimony agreements in Sparta were non drastically different from the other Grecian traditions nevertheless, there were some differences in the manner they picked their spouses. Many of the Spartan young persons had been exerting together since childhood. As misss got older, the pattern of exerting in the nude served more than one intent. One ground they preformed physical activities in the nude was because vesture was known to keep and adhere the jock. Another advantage was so that the public emanations of the maidens, and their appearance naked in their exercisings and dances, were temptations to marriage. 14 By practising these traditions Spartan males were able to turn an fond regard to a female or happen one that caught his oculus and prosecute his invo lvement. At this point, the male or a representative for him would seek the permission from the miss s male parent to take her manus in matrimony. If a male parent died before he had arranged his girl s matrimony, she would go a patrouchoi and inherited her male parent s belongings in her ain right. 15 After that the male monarch had the authorization to set up the miss s matrimony. In add-on, the sister or girl of a coward suffered greatly for his workss. She would non hold any suers and therefore she would non be able to make what she was born to make. In a society based on bring forthing kids, it would hold been seen as immense embarrassment.After the agreements were made between a suer and his bride, matrimony came shortly after. This distribute of Spartan matrimony was nil like the remainder of Greece. The groom would nobble the bride in an aggressive mode and take her to a room where she would be prepared for her nuptials dark. One ground for the snatch alternatively of a e xpansive honoring would be to guard off evil liquors. This ritual would non pull attending to the matrimony, maintaining it concealed. Following, the maid of honor would come in the room and shave the bride s hair. This was used as a symbol for Spartan society to see. The brides shaved caput signaled her transition from a bachelor girl to a married woman, the beginning of her new life and her credence as a full Spartan citizen. Then, the maid of honor would dress the bride in work forces s vesture so she would wait for her groom. There were a few grounds why this tradition may hold existed. One ground may hold been to assist the married man act from a homosexual relationship to a heterosexual relationship. The belief would hold been that the adult females looked similar to a adult male and hence, he would experience more comfy consummating their matrimony. However, the usage may hold started so that the evil oculus would non cognize she was a bride or it could hold had another spi ritual significance. After the duo had done their Spartan responsibility, the hubby would mouse out and return to his barracks. From the clip they were married until the clip the hubby was 30, the twosome would go on with their separate lives, seldom seeing each other. Couples were deliberately unbroken apart, as it was seen as an embarrassment for a hubby to be caught sing his married woman. Lycurgus implemented this societal meter because he believed if the twosome was kept apart, they would go on to crave for one another. This in bend would promote sexual intercourse between them when the twosome did see each other doing it more likely to gestate kids. Other grounds Spartan twosomes may hold been kept apart is so they would hold continuous exercising over their egos control or so they would see each other as sexual spouses aimed at reproducing instead than organizing an fond regard based on emotions. 16 All of these imposts were merely practiced in Sparta. In all other Greci an metropoliss, matrimony traditions were more traditional compared to today s criterions.Lycurgus besides implemented a jurisprudence that had an impact on matrimony and society as a whole. He wanted to free Sparta of green-eyed monster in every facet of life. He had already created a society of equal land, taken wealth from the metropolis and required that all the males eat the same nutrient and slumber in the same topographic points. To take green-eyed monster out of relationships, Lycurgus eliminated adultery as a societal negative. In Spartan society, work forces and adult females were able to bring forth kids with other citizens every bit long as they had their partners consent. Throughout Greece, criminal conversation by adult females was seen as an discourtesy punishable by decease in some metropoliss. In some instances, work forces could acquire forward with criminal conversation but kids born from these personal businesss were non legitimate. In Sparta, work forces were p ermitted to happen a adult female from a cracking household that already had several kids and inquire permission from her hubby to hold kids with her. In add-on, if a adult male could non hold kids or was older and married to a younger adult female, he could seek out a immature adult male that was seen as honest and brave and inquire him to hold kids with his married woman. This was non uncommon in society and was seen as a manner in guarantee population growing. Besides, Spartan kids were seen as portion of the province and were disciplined by the community. The male parent did non make up ones mind how the kid would be raised or take on a fiscal load for him. These factors made it easier for several spouses to hold kids without complications. In contrast, most other Grecian poleis kids would be disciplined and educated by their male parents. If the household was affluent the household could afford a coach and a good instruction. The community did non take duty for kids at all. In Sparta, holding multiple spouses besides reinforced the adult female s responsibility to Spartan society. She would so be responsible for multiple families and more kids. This would hold been an award and privilege to a Spartan adult female.While other Grecian adult females boasted about their weaving, Spartan adult females found award in raising good behaved kids . 17 Spartan adult females dutifully contributed to society in the manner they were expected to. The Spartan province made it clear that reproduction was one of their top precedences. A adult female s duty to reproduce kids was seen as a acknowledgment of the adult female s indispensable function her childbirth was accorded equal public position with her warrior hubby s combat in conflict. 18 They forced fervour between new twosomes, allowed criminal conversation and primed their girls to happen maternity as an award and responsibility. In add-on, the province rewarded those with multiple boies. They rewarded male parents that had 3 boies by pardoning them from fort responsibility and those who had 5 boies from fiscal duties to the province. However, with the rarity of soldierly meetings, it is extremely improbable that many twosomes were able to bring forth that many boies. Womans who raised good Spartan boies enjoyed prestigiousness in society and those who died in childbearing were honored. Although society was based on reproduction, some adult females were sterile. Despite the accent and importance put on reproduction, these adult females were non shunned like the work forces that were proven cowards or unmarried mans. Nowhere in Greece was reproduction held to such high criterions. In Athenian society in can be argued that the adult females were domestic slaves for their hubbies. Their responsibility was to their family, which included raising the kids but it was non seen as an honest act. It was expected that they would raise their kids but would non have acknowledgment for being a fema le parent of an ideal citizen.It is besides likely that female parents in Sparta were closer to their girls than their boies. Whether on intent or merely a effect, it seems that Spartan female parents did non bond with their boies. This is partially due to the pattern of infanticide which created a separation automatically between a female parent and her boy. This took away the initial clip when a female parent and her babe bonds. Then their boies were taken off from them at 7 old ages old which farther caused a withdrawal. The last cause for such separation could be explained with the societal attitude towards decease. Death was seen as a responsibility and award. Spartan female parents knew that their boies would travel to war on a regular basis and that their greatest award would be to decease in true Spartan manner. Although all of these grounds were factors, it is most likely a merchandise of separation from a immature age. Fathers were much like their boies and did non pass mu ch clip at place until really tardily in their life. In bend, male parents were non involved in their kids s lives. In the remainder of Greece, female parents and male parents would hold been able to pass more clip with their kids, particularly the female parent. A female parent from another Grecian metropolis would hold been confined to the house and her boy would hold been at place with her. If anything, she would hold been less affiliated to her girl because her girl would hold been married at a comparatively immature age about 13 or 14, give her less clip compared to Spartan girls that would be with their households into her late teens or early mid-twentiess. The male parent would hold besides been home more frequently than the Spartan male parent. Although he might hold traveled for concern or be working impertinent the place, he would still pass more clip with his household than his Spartan opposite number. All in all, Spartan households would hold been drastically differen t from the remainder of Greece.The following category that was in Sparta was the perioeci. They were non full citizens but enjoyed a life of freedom and prosperity. This category was made of largely Lacedaemonians who lacked the right and duties of Spartiates, viz. entree to common musss, attending in the assembly, and election to any Spartan office. 19 Despite their exclusion from Spartan rights and authorities, the perioeci enjoyed comparative wealth within Spartan society. Spartans did non go except for conflict and they did non let many visitants. They wanted to sequester themselves from the outside universe in bend, the perioeci benefitted greatly in affairs of trade. They besides benefitted from Sparta s deficiency of involvement in doing goods. They would carry through the Spartans material demands. This allowed the perioeci to derive financially from the Spartan citizens. It seems that the perioeci were really loyal to Sparta and indentified with the Spartans and even saw themselves like their opposite numbers. The two groups were likewise in many ways and it was difficult to separate them apart, particularly in the ulterior periods of Spartan history when the perioeci fought in the Spartan ground forces. In other countries of Greece, aliens moved to different metropoliss, particularly Athens, to prosecute a die life. These citizens did non profit off of society like the perioeci because the other parts of Greece were comparatively unfastened to outside influences and enjoyed imported merchandises. Besides, adult females in other parts of Greece were highly domestic with allowed them to do and take pride in bring forthing domestic goods. In bend, the aliens did non profit from the domestic market. Spartans deficiency of domestic work and foreign imports created the double-dyed(a) clime for the perioeci that was non enjoyed anyplace else in the Grecian universe.The last facet of society were the serfs. The Messenian Wars achieved many Spartan ends including more land, resources and a group of people to make their unsophisticated and domestic work. The Messenians were forced into bondage and became lasting serfs for the province. It is of import to cognize that the serfs were non slaves for one individual or family but were bound to the province in ageless servitude. They had no rights and worked for the Spartan province. The serfs ran the farms and the places of Spartan citizens, which allowed the citizens to concentrate on their military and child raising. The serfs besides produced an income that helped the Spartan citizens pay their revenue enhancements to the province. The serf population was the chief ground that Sparta could be an alone military tally province. There are many differences between the serfs in Sparta and the slaves in other Grecian parts. The first being, that other Grecian city states seldom took other Greeks as their slaves. The other societies believed that foreign races were inferior to them hence, tantrum to be slaves. Besides, the slaves in other societies were owned by persons and the society as a whole did non depend on them to make all of their work. The slaves were seen as retainers instead than lasting workers.Religion in Sparta was really evident and was seen as a manner to warrant parts of their society. They were an highly superstitious society and were known to detain or decline to travel to war because of spiritual festivals. They would non prorogue or travel them, even when the menace was on their doorsill. The soldiers were given leave during festival times and they were respectful of other provinces spiritual festivals. Spartan citizens were taught to follow the regulations in all facets of society, and that did non differ with their faith. They were orderly in their mundane lives and that besides continued into their festivals. They used their myth about their beginnings to advance their decent from Hercules and their ties to the divinities. They continued to f ollow their ascendant s beliefs and sought advice from the prophets. It is clear that the Spartans believed the prophets spoke with the Gods. The boies and great grandsons confided in the Oracles, Lycurgus validated his Torahs through them which finally gained the blessing of society as a whole and the Spartan male monarchs frequently looked to them for advice and blessing in societal and military issues. No other Grecian province was as terrible about their spiritual beliefs.Cults were besides a portion of Spartan society. Many of the cults honored Apollo because he was most closely associated with the Dorian s, or Athena the frequenter goddess of Sparta. The cult of Amyclae, dedicated to Hyacinth, helped to explicate the relationship between the older and younger Spartan soldiers. There is a myth that Hyacinth was a beautiful male child that Apollo was in love with but one twenty-four hours they were playing discs and a disc that Apollo threw hit Hyacinth in the caput and he kille d him. The Spartans may hold found the relationships between soldiers acceptable because Apollo, their at hand(predicate) God engaged in similar behaviour. The Hyacinthia was a 3 twenty-four hours festival celebrated in Hyacinth s award. Female Spartans besides had many cults, they honored Dionysis, Eileithyia, Helen and Artemis. Artemis was the goddess of nature and animate beings. They believed she had influence over the destiny of kids. They believed she directed the kids down the right way and helped in their lives. Spartan misss went yearly to dance entirely in award of her at the Caryae.The Carneia and Gymnopaediae festivals were celebrated yearly in Sparta every bit good. During the festivals, work forces and adult females would finish in athletic events including, pes hie and chariot racing. The adult females would dance and sing along with some work forces. The adult females besides weaved vesture and gifts for the divinities for the festivals. Womans in Sparta did non us ually do domestic work such as weaving nevertheless, faith was an of import portion of their life. It was the citizen s responsibility to weave these garments and the serfs, who usually did the weaving, were non allowed to do them. In contrast, other Grecian adult females participated as priestesses but most rebelliously were non involved in athleticss or public festivals.Religion besides played a major function in war. The Spartan ground forces was non dispatched to the Battle of Marathon because of the Carneia. Besides, before a conflict, the male monarch would execute a forfeit in the presences of the ephors, generals and company commanding officers right before morning to prevent the Gods . 20 The leaders would so seek and look for portents in the bowels. If the portents were good, the conflict would travel away every bit intend but if they saw bad portents, they would detain or abandon the conflict.The Spartans were continuously involved in wars, partially because the Greci an city states frequently fought each other and foreign encroachers, but besides because they had based their full society on going the greatest military power in Greece. During the 2nd Messenian War, Sparta began to demo their accomplishment in conflict with the execution of the hoplite ground forces. The Spartan citizens showed that they were capable of going skilled and disciplined soldiers. After the Messenian Wars were over, the soldiers forced a alteration in society that propelled their way towards military domination and their boies embraced the new reforms wholeheartedly.Lycurgus reforms non merely trained every male citizen to be a ferocious warrior but they besides supplied all male citizens with armour and arms. The Spartan work forces had learned to populate with small nutrient and vesture, in the cold and had been taught to contend as one. Contending was their profession and their enemies knew it. No other metropolis in Greece could tout about this sort of military po wer on land. The other provinces were non able to deviate their energy and resources into the military or do their society centered on it. Even Athens, their chief challenger, was non able to bring forth an ground forces like theirs although, they were able to organize the most powerful naval force in Greece. Again, a difference between Sparta and Athens was that Sparta forced this alteration about by themselves although, they would non hold been able to make it without the pericoeli and serfs. Athens was able to make its navy because of testimonial from other Grecian provinces but could non hold achieved their end without trusting on other Grecian provinces to supply the agencies.Sparta was a alone society, separate in about every manner from the other Grecian provinces. They were able to transform their society into a strictly military province, centered on the strength of all their citizens, including the adult females. They besides accomplished a trueness so great that a adult male would give himself, believing that it was his award and responsibility to make so. No other Grecian province achieved a similar society that involved all parts of the province working towards a common end. This helped them to go one of the most dominate provinces during the 6th century in Greece nevertheless, it besides aided to their eventual death. Even though Sparta did non last through the ages, they left rather an feeling on the people around them that carried over to our captivation of them today. Sparta will go on to perplex and astonish people because of their alone and interesting society.

Economics paper

M every Sullivan University Operations Strategy April 26, 2014 Abstract Shoulders infirmary has been the best service countenancer for treating hernias and been in shoot since a long season. However, due to the limited capacity of 89 beds the hospital is not able to meet the merchandise requirement which is causing it to lack its market share and mastery. The main constraints mentioned in this case study are the number of beds in the hospital for patients and the number of surgeons to operate.In order to remove the above two limitations, Shoulders hospital should come up with single solution that can help them to expand their facility without losing the current service flavor. The current paper deals with the analysis of current trading operations followed by few testimonys for improving their facility without upsetting the present work force and the quality of service. About the Company Shoulders hospital was started by an Ontario born Dry. Edward Earl Shoulders in 1945. D ry. Shoulders showed interest in medical research since 12 yr of age and graduated from University of Toronto.Dry. Shoulders work was related to find the cure for pernicious anemia, intestinal obstruction, hydrocephalus cases and his facial concentration was to find innovative surgical method for hernia. The shoulders hospital was initially a six room facility, however the capacity was increased to 36 beds in 138-acre estate and 17,000 square foot main ho spend and then to capacity of 89 beds due to the increasing inflow of patients of both first time and recurring cases. Shoulders method has become so popular for treating hernia. After Dry. Earl, Dry. Bribes Shoulders and Mrs.. W.H Request, the children of Shoulders method inventor followed their fathers footsteps and continued practicing and managing the teeth since 1961. In 1965, Dry. Nicholas Boney, companion of Dry. Shoulders started his work as lead of the board and increased the capacity to 6,850 operations per year by 1982. They have developed the hospital to a facility with five operating suites, expert surgeons, nurses and stave all working together to treat patients with hernias. History Dry. Shoulders showed interest in medical research and graduated from University of Toronto in 1916. Dry.Shoulders served medical examining board during World war II and operated many young men in the army for hernias before their training. Due to he limited number of doctors and hospital area, he invented an ambulation method to provide free service to 70 people and named it as Shoulders method. Shoulders method became popular and a large group of people started contacting Dry. Shoulders to get operated for hernias. The lack of hospital area, beds etcetera And the demand from the people allowed him to open a hospital in Toronto, Canada and it gained a demand of 48% from northern part of United States.The site initially had a hospital with a capacity of 36 beds and a clinic in one building allowing patients to m ove from one to otherwise for communication and interaction. The site was later expand to a capacity of 89 beds allowing more patients into the hospital facility. Shoulders Hospital Process Success rate The treatment of hernia with no pain and fast convalescence is the main objective of the doctors working at Shoulders hospital and had served hernia patients for more than 55 old age with 300,000 cases and 99% success. The surgeons at the hospital have 100% success rate executing primary and recurring cases.Customer satisfaction was the primary importance of the shoulders hospital and this was genuinely well taken care by the nurses who provided counseling during amateurish activities and socializing vents for patients. The cost of operation was $1030 which is comparatively cheaper than other hospitals. Also the patients were allowed to work, perform physical activities and meet other patients immediately after the operation to discuss their take in a comfortable environment. T he hospital used news show of mouth from the patient and their experience as a sole source for advertising which brought abundant demand.The hospital used standardized equipment for operations thencely reducing their operating costs. There were patients from outside the country and were provided with very technical care which proves its success. Advantages of Shoulders technique peculiar method Broad patient experience Thoughtful employee policies Experienced surgeons and cater The above mentioned are certain advantages of shoulders technique that differentiate it from other methods used by various surgeons across the country. Situation Analysis Shoulders method was invented to treat young military men with hernias.This method became more popular due to its speedy recovery and positive surgical results. Dry. Shoulders after serving for the army started his hospital due to the increase in demand for the treatment. Shoulders method involved operating hernia infra local anae sthetic anesthesia and pain killers. The method helped the patients to move from the operating table to their rooms and move freely immediate after operation to talk to other patients. The patients have dinner together as a routine so that they can discuss and build up their confidence.The whole process was so prosperous with 140,000 happy customers due to the positive experience, speedy recovery and lower recurrence percent of 0. 8. The technique was popular among the surgeons as it allowed them to have time for their families, daily activities and good wages. The technique was popular among nurses due to the good wages and time for counseling deeds. Though the hospital was running with good success rate, it had its own further challenges with an assemblage of 1200 patients and available resources.Shoulders hospital needs to come up with a plan to decrease such patient backlog and improve its business with real quality of service. Problem The problem that is bothering Shoulders hospital management is that though having a very good method and work force, they are not able to meet the demand and accumulated a gigantic number of cases (1200 patients). This might cause them to lose their market. In order to sustain its market share, Shoulders hospital should come up with an thought process that can increase its capacity without losing its quality of service.The other problem is that Dry. Boney, the chief surgeon is retiring soon. So, the position has to be filled with someone who has the knowledge of the technique as well as the system. Problem analysis Shoulders hospital has been treating hernia successfully since 55 years. The fee charged by this hospital for treatment is $2230, which is very less when compared to other hospital facilities who charge $5240. The excessive demand for their treatment method doesnt require any advertising and promotional conducts and was spreading its fame by word of mouth.Such excessive demand has been compelling to expand th eir facility however the management has several fears and concerns such as losing its basic proficiency and market share etc. Expansion and advertising fear The management has a fear about expansion in response to the demand for their technique as they preferred in improving their services giving complete proficiency. They also feared about competitors using their name in order to promote themselves which might lead Shoulders hospital to lose its name and be blamed in case of any failure in treatment.Fear about scheduling operations on Saturday Due to the demand and backlog, if the hospital decides to perform operations on Saturday, they need to set 6 surgeons and 1 supervising surgeon at work on Saturdays. This may disappoint the provide as its not they signed the contract for. The round also feared that if they increase the capacity, the quality of service might not be the same. Options The options would include 1 . playing operations on Saturdays utilizing the existing facilit y 2. Adding a new floor with 45 hospital beds 3.Opening off new hospital facility in US. evaluation of options The criteria for evaluation include costs, quality, comfort, approvals and discontent among staff members. 1) Performing operations on Saturdays can be considered valid as it would use the existing facility thus saving the cost of new construction and avoiding additional investments. The routine of the hospital can be maintained same with similar environment and culture. With this option, the number of surgeries performed per calendar week would increase from 165 to 185 (14% rise).However, there might e a decline in the service quality due to the increase in the work excite in the given time period for the staff and the only solution to this problem is to appoint additional staff or by paying additional wages to the existing staff. The benefits of performing operations on Saturdays option would be that it doesnt require approvals from the state, increase in wages and in centives to the staff, reduction in the backlogs and surgeons can extend time with their family. ) Adding a new floor plan with 45 beds would increase the bed count by 50% and can still help in maintaining the quality of service, environment and culture. However, adding a new floor plan would cost 2 Million $ and that can take at least 4 years to recover the costs. It would also require additional staff and surgery rooms due to the increase in the work load by increase in number of beds, housekeeping, laundry and other utility maintenance to accommodate increase in patients.The construction of new floor can cause disturbance to the existing patients. Also, it is difficult to accommodate the increasing patients in the canteen that would disturb the meal hours. 3) The formation of new hospital facility can solve problems like staff working n Saturdays and increase in wages and incentives of the existing staff as the new facility would need a whole new staff and surgeons reducing the pressure on existing setup. Patients can directly consult qualified surgeons rather going to the unqualified ones as earlier.However, the quality of the service cannot be maintained as of the existing facility as it would need hiring of very qualified surgeons and staff which is not an easy task. Also, the new staff should be train to treat patients as in the existing facility. Finally, the formation of new facility and hiring people is not only mime taking but also requires huge investment and the patients might not come to visit Toronto campus anymore. So this might not be a better option to reduce the patient backlogs.Recommendations From all the above analysis, I would like to propose few passs that can help Shoulders hospital in reducing patient backlogs and improve the facility. The first good word would be working on Saturdays with slight changes such as making Saturdays as working days in the month of September (high inflow of patients in this month) and adopting a plan o f action to synchronize various activities. Also, the additional rooms in the third floor can be used for keeping patients.The second recommendation would be not to expand or form a new facility in US as hernia operations are frequent in US and involves huge investment. Also, there can be regulations and issues pertaining to USA government and administration issues to build and run hospital in different country. However, if grow it might provide new opportunities. The third recommendation would be to patent the Shoulders technique of external hernia treatment so that any other organizations cannot use the name illegally.The forth recommendation would be to implement and adapt a succession and retirement plan for doctors and staff and their families. Giving bonus and incentives to them depending upon their efficient effect and seniority, survey and votes etc. The fifth recommendation would be to continue as a specialized hospital for hernia treatment rather expanding to other trea tments thus preventing diversification from its competency. The sixth recommendation would be to increase the nurse-patient ratio by hiring more number of nurses to take care of patients and improve the quality of service.The seventh recommendation would be to convert the hostel facilities to hospital beds to allow more inflow of patients and decreasing patient backlogs. An eighth recommendation would be contracting with other local and similar facilities as silent partners and team up with their doctors providing them the required training. This would allow holding the existing position in market with no competition. The final recommendation would be to alter the inflow of patients that can prevent adding more beds by utilizing the freed bed-space. Reference Hackett,J. (2003). Shoulders hospital limited. Harvard Business Review.

A Street Car Names Desire Essay

A Street Car Named Desire deals with a culture clash surrounded by the Old Souths plantation mentality (priding itself on false pretenses) and the New Souths relatively uncivilized, yet real, grip on ingenuousness. The two characters who come to represent this tension are Blanche and Stanley Kowalski. Blanche advertises herself as a champion of Southern Honor. This entails an unfaltering dedication to virtue and culture. These are not, however, driving factors in her demeanor but only mask her alcoholism and delusions of grandeur.By contrast, Stanley is an industrial worker who acts on habit and structure. Tennessee Williams juxtaposes semblance and reality by depicting the antagonistic relationship between the two by consistently employing symbolic representation. Blanche is continuously escaping the realities of life by retreating into her own fabrications. Her plummet into a delusional world begins when her beloved husband break downs himself to be gay and, soon after, sho ots himself. She falls into a spiral of affairs after this event in a search to find emotional satisfaction and to reaffirm her womanhood.She ignores the obvious detrimental effect of her intimacies because all she wants is to be happy again to be loved. Blanche physically escapes the reality of her life by leaving Belle Reve and Laurel to go to her sisters home in New Orleans. Here, she misrepresents who she is and enters another relationship where she recreates her identity. When confronted or so her lies, Blanche explains that she lies because she refuses to accept the present fate has dealt her I dont want realism. I want magic Yes, yes, magic I try to give that to people.I misrepresent things to them. I dont give tongue to truth, I tell what ought to be truth. And if that is sinful, then let me be damned for it (Williams, 34) Lying to herself and to others allows her to make life appear as she thinks it should be rather than as it is. Her final, d outwitd happiness (as her s ister and Stanley commit her to an insane asylum) shows her acceptance that illusion is an qualified reality, but it also shows realitys inevit adequate to(p) triumph. The driving force of reality, embodied by Stanley Kowalski, readily dismantles all the falsities Blanche comes to represent.He is a practical man firmly grounded in the physical world who disdains fabrications. He finds meaning only in the primitive and straightforward Theres something downright bestial about him He acts like an animal, has animals habits Yes, something ape-like about him (71). An animal would not create an alternate reality for a situation but would act according to the real, harshness of life in order to match its own survival. Stanleys animal habits can be minded at as an appreciation only for tactual truths. In the end, Stanley succeeds in debunking all the false images Blanche created about herself.He goes out of his way to reveal Blanches past and then flaunts it in a crude, insensitive w ay Take a look at yourself here in a worn-out Mardi Gras outfit, rented for 50 cents from some rag-picker Do you know that Ive been on to you from the start, and not once did you pull the wool over this boys eyes? Ha ha Do you hear me? Ha ha ha (67). Stanley again asserts his bestial tendency, but this succession to show his dominance. When he proceeds to physically rape her, he metaphorically strips her of the false reality she created.Williams uses symbolism to show that Blanche is trapped in a life of delusion. The Varsouviana Polka and the use of light are reoccurring symbols that elude to her disconnect with reality. The Polka is the music that played the night her husband committed suicide. Blanche says that it ends only after she hears the upright of a gunshot in her head. It plays at various points in the play, symbolising this event that triggered her mental decline. Whenever a situation gets too real, Blanche firmly believes she hears the Varsouviana, panics, and looses her grip on reality.Also, throughout the play, Blanche avoids appearing in direct, bright light, specially in front of Mitch And turn that over-light off Turn that off I wont be looked at in this merciless glare(45). It is clear she avoids the lights in efforts to conceal the reality of her age and attenuation beauty. Symbolically, Blanche avoids light in order to prevent Mitch from seeing her for who she is. She, once again, retreats into her own world of illusion. Blanche is never able to be looked at in the light and exposed.She never faces reality. Both Stanley and Blanche have a hard cadence relating to the other gender without sexual implications. The difference is that Stanley is upfront about this animalistic behavior towards women, while Blanche tries to key herself as above the primitive nature of her sexual impulses. We can call one approach down-to-earth and the other delusional, but it doesnt change the fact that both characters approach interactions in a sexual wa y. What does this say about the nature of what is real and what isnt? Williams seems to draw an ambiguous line. This implies that reality and illusions coexist in our lives, and what we choose to label our views and actions is just a matter of perspective.

Lengthening the School Day

IntroductionLet me tell one of my experiences while in naturalize. It was at precisely 315p.m when the physics teacher came into class. Normall(a)y the class ended at exactly 400 p.m.The total lesson was quite interesting and I knew apt(p) a question on the topic I would cause it within seconds. The 4 oclock bell rang and my intellect switched to the soccer game we played the forward day. Despite the red group beating us, I knew our date to revenge had come.The teacher just expect that he didnt hear the bell ringing. He continued talking and talking. I realized that no one was paying him attention. Zen was busy looking at his watch confirming the age, there were virtually noise in the class, books falling down ,a yawn etc.These were signals to the teacher that learning succession was over, we were tired and needful a break. Finally I summoned courage and informed the teacher that age for the lesson was up.After giving me a advantageously(p) lecture on importance of le arning, he left. There was a sigh of relief and students rushed unwrap of class some to play soccer, swim and some to hang out.Leaning In Informal SettingsHours pass outside school and schoolroom setting drive large impacts on high performance and friendly development of the students. Many people have questioned whether time outside class bay window boost their grades. My come is yes it does. Contrary to what many people beliieve, much learning takes buns in outside school settings bid home and the club. Hours spent outside school give a good chance of reinforcement of what is learnt in the classroom.Time Spent With P arntsParents for instance play a bigger role in students consummation. When parents spend time with their children, they supervise their school assignments ensuring that its well done. For example, my father used to check all my books after school. This made me pay attention during class time because I knew I had to explain to him why I failed some sums like in arithmetic. They do show the children their love and ensure they eat well balanced food and are generally healthy.By telling them their expectations, they reinforce high performance of the students. They luck their own past experiences and provide information on how the students can access resources like libraries. They provide a link with relatives or people who have excelled in studies. All these are done outside classroom and automatically chip in to high student performance. This is because the time the students are in school they exit have maximum concentration due to their good health. Children learn from museums, libraries and theters.Incorperating community, family partnerships in students learning leads to greater student achievement than adding those bare(a) learning hours in class.SportsMany times parents, guardians and even teachers think that time spent by students in sports hinders high achievement by the students. This is not true.Reseach shows that students alive(p) in sports crisscross higher grades than the non participating ones. Those who are always in class reading books without engaging in sports dont score highly in tests .While many people argue that participation in sports hinders maximum concentration in studies, this is not true. Balanced participation leads to greater achievements than extending learning time for students.Good PlanningResearch shows that when teachers are given enough time to teach they produce better results than too much time. In this case, adding an supernumerary 2 hours to learning time is too much time. The teachers are in a position to mean their lessons well and teach effectively than adding them an especial(a) 2 hours. Teachers can use power point handouts and meek group tutorials which are more effective than too much classroom learning. Teachers can minimize time spent in school by giving group assignments .This makes students share ideas hence minimize the time used. This is very effective a nd improves average mean score of the school teachers go straight to the point conflicting extra hours which give room for story telling and idle talk. This happens that the teachers can easily miss classes astute they have extra time to teach. My argument is that teachers can accomplish much within time given than adding more time.Poor ConcentrationThe human mind works well when fresh. Adding extra hours for instruction give mean that students are taught while exhausted. This will mean there is less concentration and retention of what is read. A teacher who teaches when he or she is tired will not deliver the knowledge efficiently. My experience illustrated in the introduction gives a clear picture of this. At the end of last lesson in school the mind deviates to other things like sports. Remember all work without play makes Stacy a dull girl. Extending learning hours will mean there will be dull students in class.AssignmentsWhen students are given much time to do assignments, t hey do a shoddy job. Ninety nine percent will never refinement the work when given extra time. This means there is no need of adding the extra 2 hours to the school day as it will automatically lead to poor students performances. While in elementary school, Helens geography teacher used to give them assignments and add them extra hour to finish. It off-key out that the students never used to finish the work despite the extra time given. When the teacher gave the analogous assignments to other students in another school she was teaching part-time, it was done well though no extra time was added. The assignment in the part time school was well tackled and handed in on time.Over Depending Of Students on TeachersAdding extra learning hours will mean spoon feeding the students .This can be quite tiring to teachers .In any learning, it is good for teachers to give students room for personal research and study in much more relaxed environment. It is good for teaches to let students disc over some things for themselves than spoon feeding which makes students easily block off what they were taught. Spoon feeding is not good for development of future scholars.It is not logical to add an extra 2 two hours to school day for greater students achievement. Instead of excelling, it will lead to decline in scores.ConclusionContrary to what many believe, learning does not just take place in formal setups but also in non formal setting. This includes the family, which plays a bigger role and the community at large. Out of school experiences contribute much to students performance. The after school time spent by students with parents puts tremendous reinforcement to their achievement. Adding extra time will lead to poor concentration, bad done assignments and inefficient teachers. So why want to do something poorly within much time, when you can do it better in little time?